In the history of the XX century left a deep trace the people who took the fateful decision for mankind.Among the prominent politicians confidently takes its place Winston Churchill - British Prime Minister, writer, Nobel laureate, one of the leaders of the anti-anti-communist, the author of many aphorisms that have become winged, cigar lovers and strong drinks, and generally interesting people.
His image is known to our fellow citizens on the documentary footage of the Second World War, taken during the Yalta, Tehran and Potsdam conferences.They are among the other participants of the "Big Three" drew the attention of the full figure, covered with military service jacket khaki, ugly, but very charming person and a penetrating gaze.This was an extraordinary Winston Churchill wrote a book about that today, and even shoot movies unfamiliar opening pages of his biography.Some things remain a mystery today.
Birth and Family
In late November 1874 in Blenheim Palace, the Duke of Marlborough preparing for the ball.He certainly wished to attend Lady Churchill.It discouraged, but she was adamant that led to some circumstances, disrupt the soiree.It so happened that Winston Churchill was born on the mountain women's coats, hats and other outerwear, dumped in a pile in the room, to serve the guests improvised wardrobe.
Parenting red and not very beautiful baby sitter engaged mainly Everest.The impact of this remarkable woman on future policy was enormous, and her photo, he always had a prominent place in all offices occupied by them, obviously, to the end of life comparing their actions with ethical guidelines laid down by it.So I expressed its appreciation to Winston Churchill, whose biography indicates that the nurse was a good and wise man.
school, adolescence
geeks little Winston was not.Although he has an excellent memory, but used it only when it was interesting to learn the subject.Diction boy was so-so, some letters he had not uttered, but it was different verbosity.The exact sciences, Greek and Latin, he showed indifference, but native English speakers loved doing it willingly.
descendant of an aristocratic family and had to study in a special school.Such was the privileged institution 'Ascot', where Winston Churchill spent a few years.Then the boy was transferred to the school of the highest level "Harrow", also famous for a long tradition.The parents believed that the son of the stars from the sky is not enough, but the way it was, and so he determined his military career.The higher the Royal Army Cavalry School "Sandhurst" the young man was able to do in 1893, only the third time.Two years later his father died.For Smer son loved and respected parent became a great loss, in spite of some mutual misunderstanding.Childhood is over, the young man turned into an adult man.
Start parliamentary activity
having assets higher education, the rank of lieutenant and noble origins, Winston Churchill, whose biography is like politics was just beginning, he won the parliamentary elections in 1900.Despite the fact that he ran from the Conservative Party, the sympathy they manifest, rather, to its opponents - the liberals.This contradiction is reflected in the fact that he himself has defined their status as an "independent conservative", which caused him a lot of problems, but also the dignity of such a line of conduct had too.Conflicts with party members created some scandal, which contributed to greater prominence in political circles.Due to the fact that during his speech, many members of parliament, and sometimes even the Prime Minister himself, pointedly left the courtroom, Winston Churchill, Lloyd George was seen.In 1904 he left the ranks of the conservatives.
Minister colonies
Eloquence senator attracted the attention and offers of cooperation with different constituencies were not slow in coming.Those who were not interested in Churchill, he brushed aside unconditionally, but in 1906 agreed to become a minister in charge of the affairs of the colonies.The value of overseas territories for the welfare of the British Empire was huge, and had already manifested patriotism policy priorities expressed in the interests of power over other considerations.The results of operations for a short period of time have been very impressive, and efforts have been noticed and appreciated at the highest level, including the environment of Edward VII and the monarch himself.
political crisis in 1908 ended with the resignation of the Prime Minister Campbell Bannerman, whose place was soon Asquith.He invited Churchill to do Royal Navy, but was refused.The wars in the near future is foreseen, and without it the position of Minister of the Navy did not promise fame.As for the post of minister of another government response was the same, though for a different reason, the topic was simply not interested in Churchill.But the trade he wanted to do, even though at first glance it does not promise any political dividends.
Marriage
Winston Churchill has long been so busy with political affairs, that his friends have already begun to doubt that he ever married, but they were wrong.Despite more than a modest external data and a permanent official workload, he still found the opportunity to get acquainted with a very beautiful girl, her charm (obviously, intelligence and eloquence) and lead to the altar.Daughter Dragoon officer Colonel - Clementine Hoze - was charming, educated, intelligent, fluent in two foreign languages (German and French).The selfish motives suspect Winston could not even owners of most evil spoken dowry almost was not, except, of course, the personal qualities of the bride and her noble Scots-Irish.
Interior Minister
At age thirty-five, Churchill became the minister of law and order, taking one of the key positions in the Empire.Now he had to be responsible for the police of the capital, bridges, roads, prisons, agriculture, and even fishing.It is also the responsibility of the Minister of the Interior, according to the old English tradition, it included an indispensable presence at birth in the royal family, the proclamation of the heir to the throne, writing reports on the work of Parliament, which enabled Churchill to showcase their literary talents at the highest level.This he did with great pleasure.
the eve of a major war
That "cold" conflict between the countries rich in the colonies and left out of Germany and Austria-Hungary, sooner or later develop into a "hot" conflict, someone may have doubted, butnot only Winston Churchill.On the basis of data obtained from exploration and experts on defense issues, it was for the Prime Minister a memorandum on military issues in Europe, notes the practical inevitability of the impending war.After that the country's leadership has made a kind of castling, swapping McKenna and Churchill, as a result of which the author of the report was made available to the fleet, which has previously refused.It was in 1911, serious events were brewing.With the task of preparing for the upcoming Royal Navy sea battles new minister consulted.
first war
Term beginning of the military conflict has been identified by the British government with sufficient accuracy.Conventional naval maneuvers in 1914 were canceled, hidden partial mobilization carried out, after the traditional parade of July 17 ships are not sent to their places of permanent deployment, and by order of the Admiralty retained their concentration.After the war the Central Powers and Russia, Churchill took the responsibility to declare full mobilization of the fleet, without waiting for the government's decision.The move could cost him his dismissal, but nothing happened, the decision recognized the right, and the day after his actions were approved.On August, Britain declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.
postwar life
Events First World are well-known: after the defeat of Germany and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the world, and especially to Europe, faced the problem of the spread of communism.The anti-Marxist position that took Winston Churchill, his statements on this subject indicate that the conviction of the need for destruction of the Bolshevik regime in Russia.But Western countries economically, emaciated four-year massacre, were not ready for a large-scale military intervention.As a result of the impossibility of the armed struggle against communism leaders of democratic Europe and then around the world have been forced to recognize the Soviet regime.The role of Churchill in the post of Minister of War in 1921 became secondary.This, of course, upset him, but the trouble was ahead.In the same year he suffered real affliction: first death of the mother (and she was not yet old, only 67 years old), then a two-year daughter Merigold.
zeal and energy, as well as new work has helped couples to recover from the terrible double grief.Churchill again became minister of colonies, but in 1922 the election end in a catastrophic: the parliament, he misses.Churchill decides to relax a bit with his wife in France.It seemed that his career is over.
again in parliament
In the first half of the twenties Churchill was a powerful political enemy - Bonar Law, who served as prime minister.In 1923, he became seriously ill and not more than recovered.With Baldwin - the new leader of the Conservatives - the disgraced politician was able to make contact, but the first two attempts to return to the Parliament have been unsuccessful.On the third time, he still returned to the respected assembly, won in the elections of district Epping and at the same time got the chair Minister of Finance.In 1929 the Labour Party replaced the Conservatives in power, and for a decade active nature Churchill was unable to express.He could follow the development of events in Germany, which by the mid thirties more clearly revived economically and militarily, becoming a formidable opponent for Britain.
pre-war expectations
Few British politicians understood the role of aviation in the coming war as deep as Winston Churchill.Photo and newsreels, which commemorated Neville Chamberlain waving a treaty signed in Munich, documented evidence of complacency contemporary European peacekeepers, reaching concessions to Nazi Germany during the second half of the thirties.
Meanwhile in Britain for nearly two years, operated a secret government committee dealing with the control of the state to strengthen defense capabilities.He was a member of Winston Churchill, whose remarks about the prospects of appeasing Hitler differed pessimism.He had already distinguished paradoxical and unconventional thinking, arguing that looking too far ahead, short-sighted people do.Winston preferred to deal with the urgent and pressing issues.In particular, thanks largely to the efforts of the Committee of the Royal Air Force when the war got fighter planes "Spitfire" and "Hurricane", able to withstand "Messerschmitt".
finest hour, the second war with Germany
After the attack on Poland and declare war on Germany in 1939, almost two years fighting Hitlerism UK alone.Day June 22, 1941 was the occasion for Churchill.Upon learning of the German attack on the Soviet Union, he realized that the war can be considered won.Winston Churchill, whose biography was linked to the struggle against communism, did not wish at that time as much as the success of the Red Army.Being in an extremely difficult economic situation, the United Kingdom has provided military assistance to the Soviet Union, supplying military cargo.The ability to sacrifice even his own beliefs for the sake of their country is a sign of a true patriot and a wise politician.However, this deviation of opinion was temporary and forced.The declared and demonstrated sympathy for the Soviets gave way to outright hostility by the beginning of the conference "Big Three" in Potsdam.
During the war, volitional qualities are manifested most clearly.I was no exception and Winston Churchill.His biography in the years included in the brightest phase, it perfectly combines eloquence with the ability to authorize military-political and economic issues.Laconically called his speech was difficult, but in some of its multitude of Britons found what they lacked: confidence in victory and good spirits.However, one of his aphorisms expressed the view that silence is often a sign that a person is simply nothing to say.He also once said that the only residents of Albion can rejoice in the fact that things are bad.There was no policy in the United Kingdom, which has been so popular, as Winston Churchill.Quotations from his speeches passed each other on the suffering and deprivation residents bombing of London and Coventry, Liverpool and Sheffield.Many are forced to smile.It was the finest hour premiere.
After the fight, he graduated from the Second World War.Winston Churchill resigned in late May 1945, sharing with her defeat of the Conservative Party at the next election.Well, this is the essence of Western democracy, for which not long ago, but already past achievements mean little.Aphorisms of Winston Churchill on this form of government, differ special malice, reaching up to cynicism.So, it is quite seriously asserted that democracy is the only good that all the other ways of running the country even worse, and to give up on it, just a little talk with "the average voter."
However, the threat that many countries will be even worse after the war was very real.Stalinist communism moved across the planet, using a variety of methods - from power to subtly treacherous.The Cold War began immediately after the victory over fascism, but it was marked by a speech in the US city of Fulton, that in 1946, 5 March, exactly seven years before the death of Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill said.Interesting facts and coincidences accompanied him throughout his life.Ambiguous was the attitude of the British policy to "Uncle Joe," as Western politicians have called Soviet leader Stalin.The hostility and rejection of Marxist ideas Churchill combined with a genuine respect for the outstanding personality of man, former times its ally, the enemy.
interest is the ratio of the prime minister to alcohol.According to him, he got up alcohol more than he gave.In old age, Churchill joked that if a young man he did not drink before dinner, but now he has another rule: in any case not to take intoxicating drinks before breakfast.According to the memoirs of his grandson, grandfather started the day with a glass of whiskey (not such a small portion), but he was not drunk and never seen one.Of course, these habits do not deserve to follow, but, as the Russian proverb, from the song words can not erase.
interesting and literary works that wrote Winston Churchill.The book tells of the colonial wars, in particular, on the Afghan and Boer campaigns, the fight against world communism, and many other historical events in which the author participated.The texts differ a great style and subtle humor, typical of this outstanding man.
premiership Churchill had a chance to hold twice.Last time, he led the British government in 1951 to 77 years of age.Old age affected the general condition of the body, his work became increasingly difficult."Sir Winston Churchill" - so since 1953, when the young Elizabeth II - the new Queen of England - has awarded him the Order of the Garter, ought to apply to the prime minister.An honor British laws do not provide.He became a knight, and a higher social status is considered to be a monarch.
Farewell policy!
shrouded in secrecy information about how left out of big politics, Winston Churchill.Brief biography, learn British schoolchildren and students, contains information about the acceptance of his resignation without excessive hype in 1955.Removal from power was gradual, for nearly four months.
