East Siberian Sea on the map immediately find is not so simple.The fact that its boundaries are conditional and only in some limited areas land.In the western limit is the Boiler Island and the Laptev Sea;in the north - the edge of the shallows of the mainland;in the east border of the protruding meridian passing through the Wrangel Island;in the southern part of the sea is limited to the mainland.
size and depth
maximum depth of the East Siberian Sea is 915 meters, and the average value of this indicator - 54 meters.In other words, the body of water entirely within the continental shelf.Its total area is equal to 913 thousand m2.With regard to the volume, it is about 49 thousand cubic kilometers.
Beach
East Siberian Sea has a coastline, which is very different to its topography in the eastern and western parts.Her landscapes are found very large curves, which in some places appear much deeper, and in others - go far on land.Also they are quite common and straight sections.In the mouths of rivers commonly found small gyri.In the area of the New Siberian Islands coastline is monotonous and low-lying.A similar situation exists for the mouth of the Kolyma River.In the southern coast of Long Strait covered with a mixture of pebbles and sand that separates the chain of lagoons.
should be noted that the size of the depth in coastal regions greatly affected by the amount of precipitation submitted rivers.Under their influence also form bars - alluvial aground.In addition, river sewage water temperature increases, resulting in thermal abrasion in estuarine areas.Its speed - one to fifteen meters a year.
bottom structure
Lodge Sea shelf is formed, which is a relief for the most part is a plain.It is slightly inclined in the north-east.In the western side there is a so-called "area of shallow water."She also founded and Novosibirsk shallows.As for the deeper places, they are characteristic of the north-eastern region.A significant portion of the bottom of the sedimentary cover is covered with a small thickness.Many archipelagos and islands of the East Siberian Sea (which is not so much) is formed at the expense of the foundation.To those include Aion, Bear, and the New Siberian Islands.As the various aeromagnetic images of the bottom sediments of the shelf mainly include sandy silt, gravel and crushed boulders.There is every reason to believe that some of them are fragments of some islands that were blown across the ice.
Climate
Many people wonder, "East Siberian Sea - water area of the ocean?" Despite the fact that the body of water belongs to the basin of the Arctic Ocean, it is also subject to atmospheric influences of the Pacific and Atlantic.The climate here is the Arctic.When there in the winter the average temperature is equal to -30 degrees, and in summer - about two.Most of the year the sea surface is covered by ice.In the eastern region, often floating ice are located near the coasts, even in the summer months.
East Siberian Sea in winter is influenced by the southern and south-westerly winds, the rate of about seven meters per second.They brought to the continent cold air.In summer there is increased pressure and therefore the winds begin to prevail among northern rumba.They are pretty weak at the beginning of the season, but closer to the middle of their power only increases, and reaches a speed of 15 meters per second.At this time there is mostly cloudy with sleet or rain drizzling.Due to the fact that this body of water is quite distant from the centers, which affects the atmosphere of the autumn is almost never returns heat.
temperature and salinity
Throughout the year, the surface temperature of the sea water is reduced in the direction from south to north.In winter, in the areas of river mouths, it is about 0.5 degrees, while in the northern border - about 1.8 degrees.In summer, everything depends on the ice conditions.At this time in the bays temperature reaches 8 degrees in the ice-free areas is about three degrees, and at the edge of the ice, it is equal to an average of zero degrees.In spring and winter water temperature change as little dive.In the summer, close to the bottom of the water is colder, especially in the western region.
level of salinity in the sea change in the north-east.In the spring and in the winter it ranges from 4 ppm near the rivers Indigirka and Kolyma to 32 per cent in the central and northern areas.In the summer melting of ice and a significant inflow of river waters lead to the fact that this figure is reduced.It is impossible not to note the fact that the level of salinity of the water is not strong increases closer to the seabed.With regard to such a measure, as the density of water, it is the highest in the autumn-winter period.In addition, it increases as the immersion depth.
Hydrology
East Siberian Sea is characterized by not very high river runoff, compared to other members of the Arctic Ocean basin.The biggest of the rivers, which flows into it is Colima.Its stock is approximately 132 cubic kilometers per year.The second value is considered to be on the river Indigirka, which over the same period brings in half the water.At the same time, even in the relatively large size, for a total of hydrological situation of coastal runoff affects slightly.Currently not thoroughly investigated and the system of currents in the sea.It's safe to say that the overall water circulation here is different cyclonic character.Regarding precipitation, the annual average of the value is in the range of from 100 to 200 millimeters.Due to the fact that there are no deep trenches, and a large area of shallow water, arctic surface waters occupy a lot of space.
Tides
to the sea characterized by semi-diurnal tides right, which caused a wave moving to the continental coast from the north.Best of all they are expressed in the northwest and the northern region, thus weakening the south.This can be explained by the fact that in shallow tide extinguished.For example, while in the area of the river Shelagskogo Cape Indigirka fluctuations practically invisible in its mouth and a relief configuration shores lead to an increase in tidal approximately 25 centimeters.The highest water level is typical for June and July, because at that time the largest tributary of the river.In winter, the level gradually decreases and March reaches its minimum value.
Flora and fauna
Resources of the East Siberian Sea, namely the flora and fauna, are quite poor.First of all, this is due to the harsh conditions created here by nature, so accustomed are only those that were the most resistant to low temperatures.In the regions, river mouths often are quite large in size shoals of white fish.Here usual cisco, grayling, whitefish, saffron cod, polar flounder, cod and others.Representatives of mammals here are the polar bears, seals and walruses.As for birds, among them, there may be noted cormorants, sea gulls and guillemots.It is possible that local waters are also inhabited by polar shark, reaching six meters in length, however, clear evidence of this has not yet been found.
Problems sea
Problems of the East Siberian Sea are similar to the problems of other northern seas, for example the Barents, Kara, White and others.In this case, we are talking primarily about the environmental component.Despite the fact that the water here is relatively clear, the Europeans for more than one year, destroying local biological resources, especially whales.Over time, this has led to a significant reduction in their number and even the disappearance of some species.It should be noted another problem, which has recently acquired a global character.We are talking about the melting of glaciers, which affects the local fauna.In addition, a negative impact on the state of the waters also affects human activities related to the development of oil and gas.
economic situation in 1935, started regular flights of ships the so-called Northern Sea Route, blazed through the East Siberian Sea.At the same time one can not focus on the fact that the navigation season lasts here only three months - begins in late July and ends in early November.This navigation is allowed only at the time and in the coastal strip.
