Leaded gasoline contains tetraethyl lead, which is toxic organometallic compound nature.Previously it has been used as an anti-knock additive for fuels, and the purpose of its use would increase the octane number.
antiknock effect of this compound was discovered by American scientists of «General Motors» in 1921.Inventor Thomas Midgley, well aware of the harmful properties of the lead entering the leaded gasoline, proposed to replace the word "lead" less clear for most people the word "methyl".It was not long, and the terrible consequences of this invention have begun to affect ordinary people working in the company "General Motors".Mental disorders and related diseases began to take human life and irrevocably destroy the health of workers.Nevertheless, the bulk of manufactured in the US gasoline contained lead.
In the late forties - early fifties of how harmful leaded gasoline seriously talking with all the stands, but because of the strong lobbying of its producers could not manage to ban the production of poison.Only in 1972 a ban on the use of tetraethyl lead, but it took a few more years until he was able to completely replace the market.In 1986, the production of fuels containing tetraethyl lead in its composition, has been completely stopped.It began recovery of the American nation: the content of lead in the blood of the population decreased by 78% in 1994 compared to 1978 year.It was a victory of common sense over the notorious money.
Leaded gasoline is also widely used in the Soviet Union.In the 80s of last century began the rejection of the use of tetraethyl lead, which was completed by 2003.January 1, 2000 on the territory of countries outside the EU, has been completely banned leaded gasoline.China abandoned the use of tetraethyl lead in 2001.Currently, most of the world does not produce the substance.In the UK, continue to release a small amount, used as an additive into fuel for racing cars, but its production and use is not profitable due to the very high taxes imposed on manufacturers.Tetraethyl continue to be used in several underdeveloped countries because of the cheapness of its production.These countries include Afghanistan, Yemen, North Korea and several other countries.
today throughout the civilized world are trying to use unleaded gasoline, which contains tetraethyl lead did not, does not affect human health and the environment are not penalized.To improve the quality of gasoline, it is administered in various adjuvants and reduce the percentage content of harmful emissions (sulfur, aromatics, and so on. N.).Unleaded gasoline must contain the permissible concentration of actual pitches (not more than 5 mg per 100 cm3).Also, gasoline must be divisible by the saturated vapor pressure and fractional composition.The best and most economical of his views for vehicles considered to be the A-98.
The gasoline composition includes components, which are produced as a result of a variety of processes.These include, for example, direct distillation of oil of catalytic cracking of catalytic reforming, hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil and other methods and techniques.
gasoline composition depends not only on the method of its production, but also on the brand.The higher the octane number, the higher the quality of gasoline.Gasoline A-95 has a higher rate than gasoline A-92.Aviation fuel has a higher octane number than the road, due to the fact that the requirements for them are higher.
