about the war in the Soviet Union wrote a lot.Mass circulation published memoirs of generals, officers and soldiers of the note, prose, poetry, historical research.There are memories and home front workers (both ordinary workers and managers, plant managers, the People's Commissars, the aircraft).All this is an impressive library, on which, apparently, you can restore the historical facts with certainty.In addition, the movies were filmed - fiction and documentary, short and serialized.In schools, colleges and institutes, students with a detailed analysis of all the stages of the great teachers of the battle, which claimed tens of millions of lives.And with all this, it turned out that our people know surprisingly little about what happened during the Great Patriotic War.
Two dates calendar - black and red
In the minds of the masses firmly established two main dates - June 22, 1941 and May 9, 1945.Unfortunately, not everyone knows what's going on these days.Early summer morning "Kiev was bombed, we were told ...", and the general summary, consisting in the fact that the Germans attacked suddenly declared war not.It's all about the first date.The information is not entirely true.The declaration of war was the German Ambassador Schulenburg Molotov handed a note.However, the value it had at that moment, "Junkers" and "Henkel" has gained altitude over the border, and the time to prepare to repulse the attack remained.But then the war to advance the attack were not warned.On why the defensive is not ready, a special subject.
About what year ended World War II and on what day, at first glance, more is known.But here, it is clear not all.
Home
June 22 was something that the Soviet Union was preparing for a long time.It held an unprecedented modernization of industrial capacity, called industrialization.It was radically rebuilt peasant life, to eliminate the basis for private initiative in the village.This led to a sharp decline in the welfare of the people.Large-scale efforts, as long as they have not led to an increase in the standard of living could be limited to one - on defense.Advocating strongly inspired the idea of the inevitability of war and at the same time peacefulness of the world's first state of workers and peasants.The scenario of future events was crucial in is described in the film with the eloquent title "If tomorrow the war."Insidious enemy attacked, and he was immediately caught up with the awesome power of wages.It is completely destroyed, and his land came true freedom, both in the USSR.Why, in June 1941, it came out a little differently?
Almost all the military might of the Red Army, as of mid-June 1941 was concentrated on the western borders of the USSR.There were arms and supplies, fuel, ammunition, medical supplies, food, and everything necessary to wage war on foreign soil with little bloodshed.Airfields were also the most advanced in the border strip.Acquisition has not been completed, the dispatch of military cargo and trains with equipment continued.All this is covered in works of art, and in many memoirs.
can be concluded that the World War II for the protection of his country Stalin was not planned.
What counted Hitler
German Fuhrer hoped mainly appear on the discontent of the population of the Soviet power.German intelligence agents of denunciation of the monstrous consequences of more than two decades of communist rule, repression, beheaded the Red Army and millions of starving peasants on collective farms, intimidated and suppressed the working class intellectuals.The Fuhrer was virtually no doubt that at the mere approach to the borders of the USSR Wehrmacht people will happily welcome "liberators."Such a situation, by the way, took place in some western regions, but in general, the hopes have not come true.
As Germany was preparing for war
If not hope for a speedy crushing "colossus with feet of clay", Adolf Hitler would hardly have dared to attack.The position of Germany in the early summer of 1941 was not exactly brilliant.Against the background of the successful actions took place in Europe and not very pleasant process.Half of France remained "nedookkupirovannoy" one hundred percent control over Yugoslavia and has not been installed in North Africa fared poorly, maritime operations also took place with varying success.America did not enter the war, but in fact it has already participated in helping Britain for its virtually inexhaustible material resources.
Allies Germany - Romania, Italy and Japan - have brought more trouble than good.The outbreak of war against the Soviet Union in such circumstances could be considered a step insane.Training was carried out practically, the soldiers of the Wehrmacht did not even have warm clothes and shoes (they never came), frost-resistant fuel and lubricants.Soviet intelligence knew about it and report to the Kremlin.
Nevertheless, the war began for the USSR completely unexpected way and in a very awkward situation for us.The Germans quickly moved inland, the situation became more and more threatening.It became clear that without the participation of all the people in the defense will be impossible to win.And the war has become a World.
Patriotic War
Almost immediately after Hitler's attack Patriotic War was declared.It happened the second time in Russian history.The threat came not just some social order, and the very existence of the country and the Eurasian civilization.And how things were for the first time, under the tsar-liberator?
Patriotic War with France was in 1812, long before the Napoleonic hordes were ousted from the Russian land.Bonaparte drove to the Paris reached him, and he took in 1814, the emperor usurper was not found.We spent a little bit "at a party", and then returned home for the brave songs.But after crossing the Berezina all this has been a campaign.Only the first year, while there were battles along the old Smolensk road, at Borodino and Maloyaroslavets, and out of the woods on the invaders attacked the guerrillas, considered World War.
first version: 1944
If we draw historical analogies, then the question of what year ended in the Great Patriotic War, should be answered: in 1944, in the autumn.It was then that the last armed German, Romanian, Spanish, Italian, Hungarian and any other soldiers who fought on the side of Nazi Germany, left the territory of the USSR.The prisoners and the dead are not in the bill.The war itself lasted, but the national ceased to be, it has entered into a phase of finishing off the enemy in his lair with a fair release them enslaved peoples.The threat of the Soviet Union passed, the question was only in terms of the final defeat of the enemy and the conditions of the subsequent peace.
second version - May 8, 1945
However, there is at this version and opponents and their arguments deserve respect.End of the Second World War, in their opinion, chronologically coincides with the signing of the surrender in Karlshorst - Berlin's outlying areas.On our side, the ceremony was attended by Marshal Zhukov and other military leaders, the German - Keitel with officers and generals German General Staff.Hitler had been dead for eight days.Date historical event - May 8, 1945.A day earlier, there was another signing of the surrender, but the Soviet high command was not present, however, Stalin was not admitted, and the order for the cessation of hostilities did not give.The victorious end of the Great Patriotic War, the ninth of May has become a national holiday, it was announced all the radio stations of the Soviet Union.The people rejoiced, people laughed and cried.But someone else was to make war ...
Fights on May 9 after the victory
signing of the act of surrender of Germany has not meant the end of the war.Soviet soldiers were killed and 9 May.In Prague, the German garrison, consisting of selected SS, refused to lay down their arms.An urgent situation, the citizens tried to resist Nazi fanatics, you realize that their days are numbered, and they have nothing to lose.Rush Soviet troops saved the Czech capital from the carnage.The battle was a foregone conclusion, but not without loss.The ninth of May was over.Killed in the last day of the war was a shame, but that the proportion of soldiers ...
was still a little-known war in the Far East.Quickly and decisively defeated the Soviet Army Kwantung grouping of the Japanese armed forces, reaching Korea.There were also losses, however, far less than during the war with Germany.
Patriotic War front and rear
ninth of May - the day of the Great Patriotic War, because although it was conducted in the autumn of 1944 is not on our territory, but in fact the efforts of the whole country were aimed at overcoming the resistance of the enemy.All the economic potential of the USSR worked on the principle of "all for the front, everything for victory."The fighting was to the west of the Soviet border, but in the rear of the battle waged its own.Tanks, planes, guns, ships that were to overwhelm the Wehrmacht, Luftwaffe and kriggsmarine - all built in the rear.
Workers, among whom were many women and adolescents, have spared no effort to provide the native Red Army with everything necessary, they fought their war naplakal plenty of funerals and not having eaten their fill.Victory in the Great Patriotic War was the result of efforts not only of soldiers, officers, generals, admirals and sailors, but also the rest of the Soviet people.In this sense, the war was a national of the first to the last day.
third version - 1955
signing of the German surrender took place in a complex and nervous situation.Defeated enemy was trying to keep some semblance of dignity, even Keitel saluted the winners of the field marshal's baton.Allies added stress, they tried to keep their own geopolitical interests that, in general, is quite natural.Mutual suspicion mingled with the triumph of the expected great holiday.No wonder that in this situation, forget about a very important document, namely a peace treaty.Wars end with, what comes next?That's right, the world.But it is not an abstract, and so, what kind of agree winners.Defeated can only accept his proposed conditions.The end of World War II in May 1945, was actually, but legalization does not happen, simply forgot about it.
Legal zakovyka
They realized almost a decade.January 25, 1955 by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council signed by the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Voroshilov and Secretary of the Presidium N. Pegova state of war with Germany was terminated.Of course, this legislative act was symbolic, and even the defeated state at that point in its present form was not - it was divided into two parts, West and East Germany, but the teachers for students and historians appeared tricky question: "In what year ended GreatWorld War II in the legal sense? "And the correct answer, which is not all aware, is that in 1955!
Legal niceties today are not important, they are only important for those who considers himself a connoisseur, and wants to shine erudition to others.Today, when every high school graduate knows what year ended with the Great Patriotic War, it is not so difficult.A couple of decades ago, it was known to all.Events of history are becoming more distant from us, and fewer eyewitnesses can tell us about them.Date of the end of World War II spelled out in textbooks, but there it is, and the monuments.
known popular expression of one of the great generals of that is at least one dead soldier buried, war can not be considered finished.Unfortunately, our country lost so many sons and daughters, that to this day the search group found their remains in the field of past battles.They eventually pass away with military honors, relatives will learn the fate of their fathers and grandfathers, thundering salute ... Will we ever say that all soldiers who gave their lives for their country, found a worthy final resting place?It is unlikely, but should strive to do.
