If you look at textbooks, we can see that the first idea of the kinds of relief children are still in primary school.This article will answer the question, what are the landforms exist at all, what they are due, and that are.
Section 1. Definition
types of relief are the various forms of our planet: how sordid and sublime, both simple and complex, both old and young.The very same word "relief" is of Latin origin, but in the once very common language, it was not a noun and a verb, which in the modern Russian language could be translated as "lift" or "lift up."
Under relief in most cases, taken to mean the raised portion of the surface of the Earth, such as hills and mountains.But we should not forget about such important components of the landscape, as the lowlands, depressions and valleys.A few, by the way, think about the fact that, in fact, some forms of relief and did wear a planetary character.Doubt?Then, what is the point of view should be considered such of them as a continent or ocean bed?
If we imagine a kind of scheme, which laid the basis for the size of the elements surrounding the earth's surface, we can see that the lower rank after the continents and the ocean floor, can be positioned troughs, peaks and valleys.It forms a major scientists refer also intermountain valleys and ridges of mountain ranges.
average can be regarded as ravines, valleys and hills, and to the fine or to so-called microforms owned flat minor slides and washouts.Where, you ask, should include such numerous in our area cracks in the soil and bumps?Even in a smaller form of organization to nanoforms relief.
Section 2. How any major landforms
offers a look at this issue with not quite the usual point of view.Let's imagine that the landscape of the earth - it is the handiwork of an unknown master.Who can act as a "sculptor"?Perhaps there were a few, or rather two:
- first actively influences from outside.These include cosmic forces, namely solar and lunar gravity, and also force the planet's rotation.
- second prefers to change the earth's surface from within.
According to the point of view of modern scholars, all forms of relief required to bear the effects of both internal and external forces.However, extensive views of lowlands, deep depressions and various ranges are purely tectonic (t. E. Internal) forces of the planet.Outside, on the contrary, are making every effort as soon as possible to level the earth's surface and destroy the aforementioned "construction."That and being in the world the eternal struggle between two opposite forces of nature, finding imprint in our landscape.
Section 3. The forms of relief and their main types
The main types include terrestrial landscape mountain (or hill), hollow, hollow, and saddle ridge.And now look at each of these in more detail.
- Mountain is a hill in the shape of a cone.It is characterized by the presence of the top, side ramps, which are also called the slopes, and the characteristic line of the sole.
- basin - a likeness of the mountain, but the direction is not up and straight down.However, with the cone-shaped form is maintained, as, indeed, and the side slopes.Instead, the sole present here brow, which connects the slopes of the basin with the surrounding terrain.
- Ridge can be considered the sublime, to the characteristic features of which are elongated shape and its gradual decline in the same direction.
- Dell - is elongated and open at one end form, which is a step-down groove.Considered an integral component of the ravine overflow line and two-line edge.
- Finally, under the saddle should be understood relatively small decrease, which occurs between the location in close proximity to the mountains.
