Viral respiratory infections such as acute (cold or flu) are common throughout the world.Millions of people each year are affected by them.According to statistics about 20% of adults and 10% of children are sick yearly influenza alone.The total prevalence of SARS is much higher.On average, about 6-8 children and adults 2-4 times a year there cold.
reasons pathology
Usually infection occurs by contact with a sick person.The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets.This susceptibility of many people is quite high.Precipitating cold viruses have the ability to penetrate the respiratory system and accumulate in the tract distributed to tissues.Contact pathogens in the cells and release their metabolic products provoke an inflammatory response.As a local reaction of the body is marked intoxication syndrome, locally observed qatar airways.Viruses entering in large quantity suppress the immune response.In this regard, for colds is a high risk of complications.As a rule, the effects caused by the addition of bacterial destruction of upper respiratory tract and respiratory system.In particular, can develop pneumonia, phlebitis, otitis media, and others.Effects that have cold medicines, aimed at activation of nonspecific protection of an organism, the elimination of pathogens.As a result of properly selected activities to restore the broken functions and structures, recovery occurs.
main symptoms of the disease
intoxication syndrome is considered the main accompanying SARS, manifestation.This symptom occurs as a result of the toxic effects of the decay products of damaged cells and viruses.Due to their microscopic size pathogen easily penetrates the nervous system, it has a cytopathic effect.Intoxication syndrome is most pronounced with the flu.Uncomplicated colds are different types of benign course.They are also accompanied by intoxication, but the syndrome is not so pronounced.This marked the defeat of mainly upper respiratory tract.Localization is dependent on the type of pathogen.For rhinovirus infection manifests rhinitis (mainly), parainfluenza - the defeat of the larynx, respiratory syncytial infection - disease of the bronchial tubes.
What medications to take for colds
Before talking about drugs that are prescribed for the treatment of SARS, it should be noted that, before taking any medication, you should see a doctor.It is not recommended to engage in the selection of independent means.Among the many medicines difficult to choose the best medicine for colds.All drugs are divided into several categories.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents with activity
In this group, the most popular are aspirin and its derivatives.At the same time experts remind us that colds are characterized, among other things, the defeat of capillaries.Antiplatelet effect of aspirin during treatment can cause complications.Relatively safe products containing paracetamol.These cold medicines prescribed to both adults and children.Medicines have primarily analgesic and antipyretic effect.The drug "Paracetamol" is able to block the activity of inflammatory mediators.
Combined funds
Such cold medicines in recent years become increasingly popular.Their composition contains several components, including paracetamol.In addition, many of them contain ascorbic acid, which prevents the release of histamine, stimulating the formation of interferon and antibodies activate phagocytosis.Due to the action of these drugs increases the nonspecific resistance to infection.Caffeine - another component that contain some combination cold medicines.It enhances the action of paracetamol has a general stimulant and vasoconstrictor influence.On the basis of SARS occurs an inflammatory process, which is involved in the development of histamine.In this regard, often prescribed means comprising components that block the activity of this mediator.Among such drugs "pheniramine maleate," for example.Due to the action of antihistamine components reduces swelling of the nasal mucosa, easier breathing, decreased lacrimation.Pronounced vasoconstrictor agonists have exposure (means "Phenylephrine," for example).Due to their activity decreases swelling of the bronchial mucosa.Among the combined NSAID experts pay attention to such medicines, as "Amizon."This means, in addition to pronounced analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory action has interferonogenic activity.
Preparations for the common cold
Rhinitis is almost always accompanies colds.It is very important to choose the right therapy at the same time.Basically, a group of medicines for the common cold is represented by means of stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors.Among these drugs "Oxymetazoline" "naphazoline" and others.When topically applied medications reduce congestion and swelling of the nasal mucosa, reduce the amount of mucus, thereby considerably easier breathing.In addition, popular for eliminating the common cold preparations based on essential oils of cedar, mint and eucalyptus.Such formulations are produced in different dosage forms.
Medicines cough
To facilitate the sputum, which is formed in the bronchi in the development of colds, appoint expectorant drugs.They differ according to the mechanism of action.Drugs having reflex activity, e.g., irritating effect on the gastric receptors thereby excited in the vagus nerve center of the medulla oblongata.Through this action increases the secretion of bronchial glands, liquefies phlegm, increases peristalsis of the respiratory muscles.
