At the word "guillotine" many people immediately in front of the eyes of a terrible picture emerges penalty.It is believed that the death of an instrument invented by the French.Indeed, in France created a guillotine in the form in which we are used to seeing it, but before that it was used in other European countries.In Ireland and Scotland this deadly invention was called the Scottish maiden, Italy - Mandaia, Germany - Fallbeil.If earlier it is an instrument made people tremble from one of its kind, it is now for the benefit of mankind is the guillotine.This device is now used for cutting metal, paper cutting and cigars.
What is the guillotine?
in the original sense of the guillotine - a mechanism for cutting off the head, used in a number of European countries to enforce the death penalty.The gun was a huge scythe blade, whose weight ranged from 40-100 kg, moving between the vertical guides.Rope it rises to a height of about 3 m, and is secured with a latch.Sentenced to death, put on the bench, and the head was fixed between the boards with a recess for the neck.The bottom has been fixed, and the top - moves up and down in the grooves.The latch holding the knife to open a special arm and he fell at high speed directly on the neck of the victim, which is why death came instantly.
Inventor tools penalty
a long time in France criminals burned at the stake, quartered or hanged, only privileged persons were executed by beheading with a sword or an ax to relieve their suffering.Dr. Guillotin, who was a member of the National Assembly in 1791 first proposed the conduct penalty by the same method, not the people in simple and aristocrats.In his opinion, the guillotine - a great way to rid the sentenced person from the physical and mental pain, as a tool to quickly driven and lose their lives in a matter of seconds.
The proposal J. Guillotin to the Constituent Assembly, introduced in 1789.This was followed by a lot of controversy, but in the end most members agreed with the doctor, and in 1791 the method of execution was officially introduced in the Criminal Code.First, the murder weapon was tested on cadavers, but in the spring of 1792 took the first penalty in the Place de Greve in using this mechanism.For a long time, it was thought that the inventor of the guillotine has suffered from its same creation, but it is not true.Guillotin died of natural causes in 1814.
use of the guillotine in Europe
very many well-known personalities decapitated guillotine.It is an instrument of death was spread in many European countries, but most of all suffered from it French.During the French Revolution many criminals were gilotirovany this mechanism as the main instrument of execution was used until 1981.In Germany, the guillotine was considered the main type of the death penalty until 1949.German mechanism is slightly different from the French, had a winch to lift the knife, vertical metal posts was much lower.Cannon actively used in Nazi Germany to the beheading criminals.
guillotine history has left its mark in Italy.In 1819, this mechanism has been recognized as the main instrument of execution.Criminals beheaded near Castel Sant'Angelo to Piazza del Popolo.Roman guillotine had its own characteristics in the design: angular "vise" squeeze the body of the convicted person, and straight blade.Last time it was used in the summer of 1870, after which it was canceled.Cayenne XVIII to the twentieth century was a place of penal servitude and exile for political prisoners.In this tropical location is often spread severe fever, and survive here was virtually impossible.Sinnamary prison in the city called the "dry guillotine."
Guillotine Hand
terrible time when people were beheaded for the slightest offense, are long gone, and now the invention of Dr. Guillotin is for the benefit of mankind.Machine tools for cutting metal is much simplify the work of professionals.The principle of cutting materials based on the principle of action of the former mechanism.The guillotine machine was added to a fixed lower knife, so he looked like a pair of scissors and more.Depending on usage, the size and thickness of the material using different types of guillotines.The easiest one is the manual option.
This machine works thanks to lever-spring mechanism.Manual guillotine though is the simple equipment that does not require any manipulation of tricky, but is very popular in the industry.With her cut plastic, thin metal sheets, thick cardboard, rubber, plexiglass.The machine is good that for it to work is not necessary to supply additional communication, it does not require electricity to work in any room, and it's many times reduces the cost of operation.
Mechanical guillotine
Machine tools have proven to be a good side.In practice, the reliability of the equipment was tested, which is not only correct and accurately perform tasks, but consumes little power.The mechanism is mounted propeller shaft, driving the knife.After coupling it enters torque.Self flywheel rotated by the motor.
Guillotine hydraulic
Such equipment is mainly used in medium and large enterprises, as it has great size, costly and it is necessary for the assembly-line production of the material.Hydraulic Guillotine easily copes with the metal of different thickness.Precision ruler and massive hydraulic machine ensures absolute precision cut.The metal sheet over the entire length of cut is fixed clamping hydraulic cylinders, but the gap between the knives have adjusted mechanically.
Guillotine for metal
Guillotine machines, mainly used for roll metal processing, cutting into strips, cutting sheets in the transverse and longitudinal direction.Handheld equipment can easily handle non-ferrous metals (zinc, aluminum, copper and alloys) and thin steel sheets.Felling thicker material engaged in hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic, electromechanical machines.
Guillotine produces smooth edges cut, with no burrs or other deformations.When cutting the sheet minimizes waste, even in cases where different parts of complex shape.On this machine, you can hack even painted metal coating does not chip and is not deformed.Some equipment may be cut square, angular, round metal.Guillotine machines can also chop big stack of material.
Guillotine Paper
When creating a Paper-cutting equipment, too, there was a terrible use of the invention of Dr. Guillotin.Depending on the purpose for which it is used and to what extent, different mechanical, electrical, manual and hydraulic types of structures.Guillotine paper mainly used on an industrial scale.It is perfect for a perfect cutting of large paper stacks up to 800 sheets.
knife mechanism cuts the fiber, rather than pushing for them, it is possible due to the movement diagonally.The guillotine cuts the volume flow of paper, leaving a perfectly clean cut, and this is its greatest advantage.To improve the operation of the equipment, it is established lineup, automatic pressing and highlighting the cutoff line.In addition, if necessary, on any machine, you can sharpen the knife.
Guillotine for cigars
name fierce gun executions, most likely in the ironic sense of the word used to refer to tools for cutting the tip of the cigar.For a long time for this used knives or scissors, but they did not give that effect, which gives the guillotine.Cigars have a closed end, it is done to preserve the original flavor of tobacco.The historical view of the guillotine more like desktop versions, although there are handheld (portable) device.They are ideal for use in the common room or at home.
Cigars puff at a bit hard, the guillotine makes a smooth cut, because of what the smoker gets more pleasure from the process because it does not jerky and smooth inhale and exhale.Portable guillotines are one- and two-sided.Knives are sharp, so the deformation of the tobacco leaf is excluded.Ordinary users are best used bilateral guillotine, one-sided approach to the masters.
