Stephen Hawking - the greatest cosmologist and theoretical physicist of our time.Born in 1942, the future scientist in the 20 years began to experience health problems.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis very difficult training at the faculty of theoretical physics at Oxford, but did not prevent Stephen lead a very active, full of life events.He married in 1965, became a member of the Royal Society in 1974. By that time he already had a daughter and two sons.In 1985, the scientist stopped talking.Today, his body retained the mobility of only one facial muscles on the cheek.It seemed that completely immobile and mute person sentenced.However, in 1995 he married again, and in 2007 ... is flying in zero gravity.
On Earth, there is no man devoid of mobility, which would have lived so full of useful and interesting life.
But that's not all.The greatest development was the theory of Hawking's black holes."Hawking's theory," as it is now called, has revamped many years of scientists' ideas about black holes of the universe.
At the beginning of work on the theory of learning, like many of his colleagues argued that black holes permanently destroy everything that gets in them.This information paradox was left the military and scientists around the world.It was believed that no properties of space objects, with the exception of weight, it is not.
Taking up the study of black holes in 1975, Hawking found that they constantly emit a stream of photons into space and some other elementary particles.However, even the scientist was confident that "Hawking radiation" is random, unpredictable.British Scientist initially thought that this radiation does not carry any information.
property, however brilliant mind - the ability to constantly question.Hawking continued research and found that the black hole evaporation (ie, Hawking radiation) is the quantum nature.This enabled him to conclude that the information got to the black hole, it is not destroyed, but changes.The theory that the state of the hole permanently true, if we consider it from the point of view of non-quantum physics.
In view of the quantum theory, the vacuum is filled with "virtual" particles that emit different physical fields.The strength of the light is always changing.When it gets very strong, directly from the vacuum on the event horizon (the boundary) Black holes can be born particle-antiparticle pairs.If the total energy of a particle is positive, and the second - negative if the particles have fallen into a black hole, they begin to behave differently.Negative antiparticle starts to reduce the rest energy of a black hole and the positive particle tends to infinity.
the part of this process looks like evaporation, coming from the black hole.It is this evaporation and is called "Hawking radiation."Scientists have found that it is "evaporation" distorted information has its own thermal, visual devices, spectrum, a certain temperature.
Hawking radiation, according to the scientist, testifies to the fact that not all information is lost forever disappear into a black hole.He is sure that quantum physics proves the impossibility of complete destruction or loss of information.This means that such information, even if in an altered form, contains Hawking radiation.
If the scientists are right, the past and future of black holes can be examined as well as the history of other planets.
Unfortunately, it refutes the view of the possibility of traveling through time and into other universes using black holes.The presence of Hawking radiation proves that any object that fell into the hole, back to our universe in the form of changed information.
Not all scientists share the belief of the British physicist.However, they also challenge them are not solved.Today the whole world is waiting for new publications Hawking, in which he promised to detail and convincingly confirm the objectivity of his overturned the scientific world theory.
The more that scientists have been able to receive the Hawking radiation in the lab.This happened in 2010
