Democracy - it is such a political system in which political power is exercised by the implementation of the majority of citizens to freely express their will.Aristotle regarded it as the board of the poor people in their own interests.Plato, the term "democracy" gave the following definition: the power of the poor envious.In ancient times it was considered the worst form of government in the state.It attributes this to the fact that due to low human culture this form of government, sooner or later turns into the power of the crowd.
After the Great French Revolution, democracy has been regarded as a social system, which rejects elitism and the monarchy.From the time it was formed a huge number of theories about the system of social organization.
The X VIII - XIX centuries, democracy was considered a regime that guarantees a set of political and social rights and freedoms.These include, in particular, the right of association, assembly, freedom of thought, conscience, correspondence, transportation, as well as participation in important political issues.In addition, under this regime guaranteed natural human right to housing, safety, life, work, leisure and so on.The rule of law and the resulting civil society have become essential conditions for the development of democracy.
modern Western political analysts do not view democracy as a government of the people, which determines the direction of policy in the state.According to them, this mode is a system of government, to reckon with the people's will, which, in turn, is expressed in the choice of the ruling elite.
According to the process of participation of citizens in government, as well as how and who acts as a direct function of power, the following types of democracy: representative and direct.
directly calls such a system of government in which citizens are directly involved in the design, preparation, discussion and decision-making.This form of involvement was typical of ancient democracy.Today, it is only permitted in small communities, villages, factories, etc.Use this form tend to solve problems that do not require special skills.
Representative democracy is considered to be the main type of participation of the people in modern control systems.The essence of this form is the indirect participation of stakeholders in addressing certain public issues.It is realized through the participation of representatives of the citizens of selection designed to express the interests of the people and on their behalf, and give orders to legislate.This form is required as part of the existence of large-scale social systems, as well as a certain level of complexity of the decisions.
Researchers distinguish the types of democracy, to one or other period in human history.There are five types.
first is communal democracy.The tribal leaders held elections, the Council of Elders.
The second type - the dynastic democracy.It was formed with the advent of the first Egyptian state.While the supreme rulers passed on while the power is inherited, they can run the state, not only in their own, but in the people's interests.
It should be noted that these types of democracy are the most ancient form of realization of the people's will.
The third type is the Greek system.Today, it is more often called "Western".
The fourth type is a formal democracy.
These types of democracy (formal and Greek) have no external differences.However, the fourth type is characterized by the absence of a struggle for power.
fifth type is a one-party democracy.In this form of policy direction for the development of the country is carried out in accordance with the choice of the people in direct elections, and on the basis of a struggle within the party.
