The fact that the conductors household wiring an alternating sinusoidal current, heard everything.But for a person unfamiliar with electrical engineering, the term "sine" and, especially, "variable", nothing to say.In this paper, we try to give a general idea about this, easy to understand for everyone.
First of all, you need to decide what is the electric current.According to the existing explanations current - is the directional movement of elementary particles having a charge of positive or negative sign.Usually, the particles understand electrons, but it is not so.An atom that has lost an electron, due to the presence in the nucleus of protons gets a positive charge, it becomes an ion.EMF operates not only on the electron, but at him.Suffice it to recall that in the calculation of the positive direction of motion of the current taken from plus to minus, although in reality, negatively charged particles move in the opposite direction.
Where are these particles?Presented the structure of the conductor: the crystal lattice of atoms in the nodes.Each atom can be roughly described as a miniature solar system.In the center of a massive nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, and around it in orbits electrons revolve.
positive charge of the proton and the electron is negative, so they are mutually attracted.The closer to the core, the stronger the interaction.To originated current need to free some of the electrons from the atoms and get them moving in the right direction.The generators this task successfully performed a rotating magnetic field.It is reported the missing energy of the electrons in the outer orbits, releasing them.Of course, there is no direct traffic.It is an exchange of these particles between neighboring atoms.
Where does the name "sinusoidal current"?The reason for this production method.We represent the two opposite poles of the magnet, and the line between the field strength.We place a frame of wire in this field.Its ends are connected to a load, forming a loop (circuit).Rotating bezel.At the moment when it is located parallel to the surfaces of the magnet, there is no current, since there is no intersection with lines of tension (both sides of the frame are on the same level).Here it is a little turned around the magnetic field lines intersect the conductor, electrons are released and there is a current.
At the same time the other side of the frame also crosses the field, but from the opposite side.The maximum value of the current - with vertical placement.Sinusoidal current - a graphical representation of the process.Without it difficult to understand the operation of electric appliances.A graph showing a sinusoidal current, a Cartesian coordinate plane.The vertical axis represents current and the horizontal - time.Since the rotation frame recorded values are periodically repeated, is generated sinusoidal current varying in direction and magnitude.Sine if strung on a time axis, as part of the wave is above the axis (a positive sign), and the lower part of the (negative).The highest point of the waves correspond to the position within the parallel lines of the field strength, and the intersection of time axis (the current is zero) - perpendicular.
Circuits sinusoidal current most widely, as this type of power is easy converted by transformers and other elements of the circuit, allowing transmission over long distances, as well as the required modulation.In addition, the principle of the generation it involves the creation of a sinusoidal current.
