structure of consciousness is difficult - due to the fact that the phenomenon of consciousness characterized by ambiguity.This fact was first noted by Sigmund Freud.Thinker first introduced into circulation the term "preconscious" - to establish mutual communication between unconscious processes caused by mental activity, and human consciousness.But then, Freud abandoned this concept.In his later work, he proposed a new structure of the psyche: the unconscious - consciousness - super-consciousness.
its base (according to Freud) constitute unconscious processes, which are certain impulses of energy of the psyche, the specific aspirations and desires of the people.Consciousness structure does not include all of these factors.They, in turn, have the intention, that is seeking to be satisfied immediately.Unconscious processes from outside consciousness, have no contact with the outside world.Such processes usually include sensory experiences and sudden impulses of knowledge that displaces itself from the structure of consciousness.Freud believed that all these phenomena depend on the psychic energy of expression of sexual desire - libido.Thus, the thinker, came to the conclusion that the unconscious is the cause of spiritual slavery people.
mental activity as Freud thought, includes the "I" - the part that a person is able to regulate and control.The structure of consciousness allows the construction of different programs of behavior, predict outcomes, reflects the outside world.
In some ways, the "I" is the intermediary between "It" (unconscious) and the outside world, between the passions and inclinations on the one hand, and their satisfaction with the other hand.This mechanism for implementing acts not desire a man and his moral duty.
The third component of the psyche Freud superconscious ("superego").These are products that are developed for the culture of mind.These particularly include social norms, tradition, a certain system of prohibitions and rules.All a person learns, with all that he has to be considered in the implementation of its activities.According to Freud, "superego" in the mind manifests itself in the form of conscience.That is, this component is a person a sense of guilt, shame, and so on. D.
As a result, Freud came to the conclusion that excessive pressure "superego" (as a moral public censor) promotes the formation of defective personality, distorts it, takingman in an illusory world.That pressure that has "super-ego" on the part of some degree provoke strengthening the power of the unconscious.Thus begins the unconscious beyond conscious influence on him by the "I".In this regard, Freud believed, should seek the optimal shape, which will be combined "It" and "superego."
What is the structure of consciousness proposed by other authors?
number of researchers have identified four aspects.
first associated with human activity, on the basis of which there are primary knowledge about the world.It uses these forms of knowledge as a representation, perception, sensation.
second aspect is related to the rational mind.The main focus here is the comprehension of the essence of material reality.For this purpose, reasoning, concepts, judgments.
third aspect is considered to be the scope of the subjective psychological, personal experiences.The emotional component in this case has no direct links with the outside world.
fourth aspect is considered of value-motivational element.It refers to the highest motives, spiritual ideals of man, his ability to creatively interpret reality in the form of intuition, imagination, fantasy.
epistemological system of consciousness requires that the views of the subject is knowledge, reflected in some degree different sides of human activity, including the related authorities.In this case, we look at various issues.The structure of political consciousness includes such elements as the ideology and psychology of power.Thus each component has a particular importance.
