the beginning of XX century the Russian Empire increasingly lagged behind western competitors in its technical, economic and social development.The so-called "catch-up" modernization, which began in the middle of the XIX century, and has not helped to close the gap.Do not bring the desired results, and major reforms 1860-70-ies.The State had a need for new reforms that would restructure the economy and social development of the capitalist way.
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Such reform has become a complex attempt to reform the Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin.First of all, it concerns changes in the agricultural sector.It was expected that the results of Stolypin's reforms will give a powerful impetus to the development of all relevant areas in the country.Their basic plan was to create a powerful layer of a prosperous, independent and enterprising peasantry that would liven up trade relations and would make Russia an even more important exporter of agricultural products.Stolypin's reforms eventually saw her inspirer in the emergence of a class of strong economic managers, similar to American farmers.For these purposes, the state credit bank by order of the government launched a massive campaign to extend credit for the purchase of land to the peasants.However, non-payment of debt rather severe penalty - confiscation of the purchased land.This, according to the reformers was to spur private initiative.The second important part of the agrarian reform program was the development of land in Siberia.Land in the region were distributed free of charge at all farmers wishing to use.The government encouraged and promoted rural families move to the Urals.For these purposes were created special formulations, later known as "Stolypin wagons".In addition, in Siberia during this period actively the infrastructure.
Results of Stolypin agrarian reform
plan, without a doubt, a significant politician in Russian history have not been brought to its logical conclusion.Their implementation was first interrupted by his death in 1911, and then finally postponed due to the continental war.Thus, one can hardly say that the results of Stolypin's reforms were more or less sufficient.Yet a number of trends in the period of holding yet there has been, because you can draw some conclusions.
Positive results of Stolypin's reforms in the agrarian sector
result of government action was that of the peasant commune was allocated 10% to 20% of the population.Last begun independent of management.In the next few years, successful peasants began to give up half of the bread appear on the market.Partially it was implemented plans for the development of Siberia, as during the reforms have moved to more than 3 million households.As a consequence, new regions were involved in the commodity-market relations.The country has significantly expanded the area of arable land.
negative results of Stolypin's reforms
Stratification independent villages led to the fact that along with successful and appeared distressed farmers.Even coming out of the community economy still maintained a close relationship with her.In this regard, reform has been half-hearted.She also did not have an appreciable impact on the technological development of agriculture.By 1911, the main instrument of the Russian peasant was still archaic plow.
