structure of sociological knowledge is determined by different authors in different ways.Thus, different approaches are reflected in the writings of Comte, Osipova, Sorokin, Durkheim and others.
For example, Sorokin General teachings presented in the form of definition of a social phenomenon or the society, describing its main characteristics, the analysis of the interaction.The structure of sociological knowledge, in his opinion, also includes a description of current theoretical trends and teachings on the methods of sociology.
Sorokin The system also stands out as a component of public policy, genetics and mechanics.
social mechanics he called the study of laws that are manifested in social phenomena.
social genetics is the study of the origin and development of both the society and its institutions: family, language, religion, art, law, economy and others.In addition, this component is exploring the main historical trends that emerge in the course of history in the development of society and its institutions.
Public Policy is a statement of the methods, the indication means and methods by which it is possible and even necessary to improve public life.
According to well-known Russian sociologist Osipova, the structure of sociological knowledge is presented somewhat differently.In particular, it includes interdisciplinary and social studies.The latter are the techniques, methods, statistics, mathematics.The system also includes branches of sociology, social processes.
Another well-known Russian sociologist Poisons expressed in his works slightly different look.Thus, the structure of sociological knowledge, which he suggested, is the most appropriate and applicable to practical sociological problems.
thus singled out the general concept of Poisons special theory applied direction, including the technology and methodology of the study.
General sociology, according toxic, focuses on the study of the public sphere, phenomenon or process in general and the use of acquired knowledge in practice.Application area specializes in the study of specific, individual aspects.The technology and methodology is a study and use of methods, techniques and technologies in practice.
modern sociology presented a multi-level complex theories, types of knowledge, interconnected with each other.As it is traditionally divided into the following elements:
- theoretical macrosociology.This industry is based on a specific socio-philosophical concept.
- theory based on applied concepts used in the study of one or another subsystem of society.
- Microsociology based on empirical knowledge.
According macrosociological theories, phenomena and processes in society can learn, understand society as a whole.These theories focus on the study of a particular sphere of human activity.They learn the kinds of social communities, the scope of the direct relationship (behavior, motivation, communication and public relations, etc.).Such theories, in particular, the symbolic interactionism of Mead, entnometodologiyu Garfinkel, Homans' theory of exchange and others.
The structure of sociological knowledge includes methodological and ideological principles.These include, in particular, the teaching of the subject itself (or a particular branch of science on society), knowledge of methods, development and application of techniques.Among the principles also distinguish the doctrine of the sociological knowledge, its levels, types and forms, as well as about the process of research, its functions and structure.
