form of government, such as democracy, which is so eager to Russian Federation, is not possible without respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms, without the separation of powers, without freedom of expression and many other principles of the rule of law.
First we need to understand, what is federalism and what are its basic principles and budget.Federalism - a single system within a single state, divided by the area that partly retain their independence in economic, political, social, cultural and other spheres of society.In other words, each subject to the federal structure of the state has the right to amend the local laws, as well as the allocation of budget funds.
development of federalism in Russia has a long and thorny path.With the introduction of the Constitution, adopted by popular vote in 1993, it received the status of Russian Federation.Article 5, paragraph 3 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation registered the basic principles of federalism.So, the basic principles of federalism lies in the fact that:
- First, each subject of the federation (region, autonomous region, region, autonomous region, federal city) has its own laws and statutes.Republic have the Constitution and national laws.
- Secondly, there is a division of authority between the bodies of the territorial units of the federation and public authorities.
- Third, despite the size of the territory, all the subjects of the Russian Federation have equal, equal rights and the general economic, political and social status.
- Fourth, the Constitution enshrines the principle of federalism, which states that all people who live in Russia are equal and have the right to self-determination (ie the right to designate their political status within the state, cultural, social rate of development of the society, changeterritorial shape, etc..).
- Fifth, despite the delineation of areas of competence between the state authorities and bodies of the subjects in the state there is a single, integrated system of government.
Of course, the principles of federalism enshrined in Article 5 of the Constitution, is necessary for a democratic state.But if we analyze the modern Russian reality with its multinational people and vast territory, the principles of federalism opens a huge number of issues that require immediate action (this is equal to the grant to the subjects of the Russian Federation to support the economy, and the denial of human rights on a national basis, and others.).
spelled out in the Constitution and the basic principles of fiscal federalism (Article 73).The principles of fiscal federalism means that each territorial unit of the federation has autonomy in budgeting.But the fiscal activity of the subjects of the Russian Federation should not diverge in the principles of the single state budget policy, goals, objectives and courses of development of economy of the Federation as a whole, the implementation of which should come from the federal budget.
basic principle of fiscal federalism in Russia is the fact that throughout the state there is a uniform tax and budget system.The unity or the integrity of the budget system is that, firstly, in the Federation there is a single monetary system and, secondly, for violations of the law relating to the budget of the Russian Federation shall apply the same sanctions.The second principle of fiscal federalism is the independence of the budgets of the subjects, in other words, territorial units are entitled to exercise within the competence of the budgetary process, legislate tax revenues, and develop plans for the flow and finances.The third principle - the equality of budget rights.
