In the late 30-ies in Europe have already been discovered patterns of division and disintegration of the chemical element uranium and hydrogen bomb from the category of fiction turned into reality.The history of nuclear energy is interesting and still is an exciting competition between the scientific potential of countries: Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the United States.The most powerful bomb, who dreams to own any State which has not only weapons, but also a powerful political tool.The country that had her in its arsenal, in fact, became the all-powerful and able to dictate the rules.
hydrogen bomb has a history of creation, which is based on physical laws, namely the fusion process.Initially it was called the atomic wrong, and the reason for it was ignorance.In 1938, a scientist Bethe, who later became a Nobel Prize winner, has worked on an artificial energy source - uranium fission.This time, it was the peak of the scientific activity of many physicists, and among them was a view that scientific secrets should not exist at all, as was originally the laws of science are international.
Theoretically, the hydrogen bomb was invented, but now with the help of designers she had to acquire technical forms.It remained only to pack it in a particular shell and experience the power.There are two scholars whose names will forever be linked to the creation of powerful weapons: the United States is - Edward Teller, and the USSR - Andrei Sakharov.
thermonuclear problem in the United States in 1942 began to study physicist Edward Teller.By order of Harry Truman, at the time president of the United States on this issue by the best scientists of the country, they have created a fundamentally new weapons of destruction.Moreover, the order of the government was to bomb a capacity of not less than one million tons of TNT.The hydrogen bomb was created and Teller showed humanity in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, its limitless, but the ability to destroy.
was dropped on Hiroshima bomb, which weighed 4.5 tons with a uranium content of 100 kg.This explosion corresponded to almost 12,500 tons of TNT.The Japanese city of Nagasaki plutonium bomb obliterated the same weight, but has the equivalent of 20 000 tons of TNT.
future Soviet academician Andrei Sakharov in 1948, based on his research, presented the design of the hydrogen bomb under the name of RDS-6.His research went on two branches: the first was called "puff" (RDS-6s), and it was a feature of the atomic charge that surrounds the layers of light and heavy elements.The second branch - "pipe" or (RDS-6t), it was a plutonium bomb in liquid deuterium.It was subsequently made a very important discovery, to prove that the direction of the "pipe" is a dead end.
principle of operation of the hydrogen bomb is the following: first, exploding inside the enclosure HB charge, which is the initiator of a thermonuclear reaction, occurs as a result of neutron flash.This process is accompanied by release of heat which is necessary for further nuclear fusion.Neutrons begin bombing liner of lithium deuteride, and he, in turn, under the direct influence of the neutron splits into two elements, tritium and helium.Used nuclear fuse forms needed for a synthesis of the components in an already powered bomb.This is such a difficult principle of the hydrogen bomb.After this preliminary action starts directly thermonuclear reaction in a mixture of deuterium and tritium.At this time, the bomb more the temperature increases, and in the synthesis involves increasing the amount of hydrogen.If you follow the course of these reactions, the rate of their actions can be described as immediate.
Subsequently, scientists have not used nuclear fusion, and their division.In the fission of uranium per ton of generated energy equivalent to 18 Mt.Such a bomb has enormous power.The most powerful bomb created mankind belonged to the Soviet Union.She even got into the Guinness Book of Records.Its blast was equal to 57 (approximately) megatons of TNT substance.It was blown up in 1961 in the area of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago.
