Despite the use of modern equipment and latest methods to study the universe, the question of its occurrence is still open.This is not surprising, given her age: according to recent data, it is between 14 to 15 billion. Years.Obviously, since there is very little evidence of occurring once grandiose process of universal scale.Therefore, to argue that any one can not be solved, limited to hypotheses.However, one of them recently received a very important argument - CMB.
In 1964, two members of a well-known laboratory, performs a radio watch for a satellite "Echo", having access to adequate ultrasensitive equipment, decided to check out some of their own theories about the specific radio space objects.
In order to weed out possible interference from terrestrial sources, it was decided to use a wavelength of 7.35 cm. However, after the setting and the antenna have been reported a strange phenomenon in the universe was fixed a noise, a constant background component.It does not depend either on the position of the Earth relative to the other planets, which immediately weed out the assumption of radio interference of space objects, or the time of day.Neither R. Wilson nor A. Penzias were not even aware that discovered the cosmic background radiation.
Since none of them had no idea of this, writing off the "background" to the particular hardware (remember that used microwave antenna is most sensitive at that time), expired almost a year, until it became obvious - the recorded noise is part of the Universe.The intensity picked up by the radio turned out to be almost identical to the intensity of blackbody radiation temperature of 3 Kelvin (one Kelvin is -273 degrees Celsius).For comparison, zero Kelvin corresponds to the temperature of the object of the stationary atoms.The radiation frequency is in the range from 500 MHz to 500 GHz.
At this time, two theorists at Princeton University - Robert Dicke and D. Pibbls based on new models of the universe, mathematically calculated that such radiation should exist and permeate all of space.Needless to say that Penzias, accidentally found out about the lectures on the subject, she contacted the university and said that this relic radiation was registered.
Based on the theory of the Big Bang, all the matter and energy of the universe is the result of an enormous explosion.The first 300 thousand. Years after that space is a combination of elementary particles and radiation.Subsequently, due to the expansion of the temperature began to fall, making it possible to receive atoms.The registered CMB - an echo of those distant times.As long as the universe had a border, the particle density was so high that the radiation is "bound" as the mass of particles reflect any kind of waves, not allowing them to spread.It was only after the beginning of the formation of atoms, space has become "transparent" for the waves.It is believed that the CMB appeared that way.At the moment, in every cubic centimeter of space contains about 500 of the original photons, however, their energy decreased by almost 100 times.
background radiation in different parts of the universe has a different temperature.This is due to location of primary matter in the expanding universe.Where the density of atoms of future matter was higher proportion of radiation, and hence its temperature is reduced.It is in these areas subsequently formed large objects (galaxies and their clusters).
Studying CMB lifts the veil of uncertainty over many of the processes occurring in the beginning of time.
