methods of cognition of nature to classify according to their degree of generality, breadth of application.Receptions arming people a system of principles, rules and requirements.All of these elements contribute to the achievement of goals.The man who owns the method has knowledge of in what sequence and how to implement those or other actions.These actions in turn are required for the solutions or other tasks.
Start of development of the theory of the method were laid in scientific knowledge in modern times.Representatives of the period considered informative welcome some guidance when moving to a true, reliable knowledge.For example, Bacon (well-known philosopher of the 17th century) compared cognitive method with a lantern.It highlights the way the traveler to move around in the dark.
empirical study includes all the methods, techniques of cognitive activity, consolidation and formulation of knowledge, which are the direct result of practical actions, or content.Thus, a group of two techniques.Empirical research includes the isolation and study of the object, as well as the processing and systematization of the knowledge gained.It can be reproduced in the form of a list.Thus, the empirical study includes:
- Observation.This method of collecting information on the basis of fixation and registration data received initially.
- study of primary documents.This technique is based on research data, documented earlier.
- comparison.This technique allows you to draw an analogy between two things.
- measurement.This method helps to determine the actual quantitative value in terms of the properties of the object studied.It uses appropriate measuring units, such as amps, rubles, labor times and other.
- Normative method involves the use of specific set of standards.The actual figures are compared with those regulations.This allows you to set the system satisfaction.Using standards can determine the content and composition of functions, the complexity of their implementation, the number of employees and so on.Standards thus must be reasonable, cover the entire system as a whole and have a promising and progressive.
- scientific experiments.This method is based on the study of the object (phenomenon) in the conditions created artificially.
elementary and primary learning process, which includes an empirical study is observation.It consists in an organized, systematic and purposeful perception phenomena and objects of the external world.
Monitoring has several features.In particular, it is based on certain theoretical position or to promote the theory.Monitoring provides a solution to a particular problem and helps in the formulation of questions, as well as checking and hypotheses.It has organized and systematic character, is a systematic and eliminates random errors.Implementation of monitoring involves the use of various instruments - microscopes, cameras, telescopes and other means of promoting the expansion of the field of study.
can obtain quantitative data by counting or measuring.
and Measurements (account), and monitoring are included in this method of learning, as an experiment.To implement it, the student interferes with the position of the object investigated.The experiment is one of the practical forms, combining the natural laws and the interaction of objects.
