Today the transportation system in the world essentially divided between different modes of transport.Any thing that gets to us from abroad, delivered by means of road, rail, air or sea transport.The role of the latter is particularly large in the compound of the continents and the continents as the water covers most of the earth's surface, which is why transport trucks and trains are impossible.Message aircraft is too expensive.Moreover, the aircraft is able to endure not so much weight.There is only one type of transport that is in demand for hundreds of years - the sea.
in mind how today developed trade relations, have been applied in practice, many kinds of ships.For example, there are bulk carriers (include universal ships, bulk carriers, container ship), refrigerators (vessel with refrigeration equipment for the transport of products), container (for transportation of classic 8-foot sea containers) and others.These deadweight adapted for transporting a certain type of product;all are equipped with special equipment.Thus, virtually any goods can be transported by sea wherever sufficient!
How are the court?
Most of the goods coming in large volumes are delivered by sea.The ship is able to accommodate the thousands of tons of cargo - so do not raise no aircraft in the world.What is also important is the relatively low cost of transportation of large consignments by sea.For comparison - if the largest aircraft An-225 ("Mriya") is able to carry 120 tons, deadweight (this is gross tonnage) is equal to even a small ship 3-5 thousand tons.What to speak of the large floating platforms for transportation.Now it is clear that the use of water transport is much more efficient when it comes to transporting goods.The disadvantage of the ships can be called unless a longer duration of the voyage.However, it's not scary, because you can plan the delivery of goods, hoping the time of delivery of the sea.
How can accommodate a ship?
As already noted, the capacity of the ship describes this figure as deadweight.The designation is derived from the English deadweight, which means "dead weight."It is understood that it is capable of a maximum mass transport vessel proceeding with the normal course.Exceed this figure can not.I know it is important to effectively chartering a ship, not forcing him to sail with empty seats and not to overload to the critical mass.In deadweight is calculated by subtraction of the empty weight of the ship ready to sail from one mass at which the vessel is completely immersed in water up to the level of freight (full displacement).
What is this feature?
In fact, deadweight - the difference of mass, which is not enough to ensure that the ship fully load, minus the basic equipment of the ship.When loading this characteristic into account so as extreme value, a maximum, which is able to carry the boat.Transportation companies that charter the ships engaged in transportation and on a regular basis, knowing that deadweight is a major characteristic of his, able to most effectively distribute loads on free vessel.This value can also be called load-carrying capacity of a single craft.
Why calculating DWT?
addition to know how much weight as possible can be transported to a particular ship, with the help of deadweight and can effectively calculate the mass of "payload" and the load, which is required for swimming.The former include those goods and things that, according to the contract, must carry the ship from point A to point B. As to the second - the load for swimming - then it should be attributed to the supply of fresh water, fuel and other flammable materials reservesprovisions as well as the weight of all the people on board.
As experts of maritime affairs, deadweight - it is usually two parts, distributed in the ratio of 90% to 10% in favor of the so-called payload.
Examples deadweight various courts
In order to better visualize the size of this value, look at some examples.So, there is the cargo ship "Omsk", which belongs to a class R2 / R3 RSN.This ship, which has a body length of 108 and 15 meters wide.The movement of the ship are two screws.According to data from the Maritime Register of Shipping, deadweight "Omsk" is 3070 tonnes as the motion of the river and the sea.It turns out that about 200 tons of make up buffer stocks and nearly 2,800 tons can be placed on this ship as cargo.It should be noted that the bulk carrier ratio will likely 90% to 10%, and somewhere in the 95% to 5% - more in favor of accommodating cargo than a passenger ship.
Other characteristics of the vessel
Obviously, such a characteristic as the deadweight - is an important parameter, it is necessary in calculating the efficiency of the expedition ship and its final value.However, it is clear that it is not only as an important indicator.For example, chartering a floating craft should also pay attention to the overall capacity of the holds of their size.In addition, an important role is played by the type of cargo the ship, its target destination (for the transport of any goods it is used primarily).
In general indicators such as capacity, plays a huge role.With him the organizers faced traffic every time the ship is loaded.
