The term "government" means a certain system of organization and interaction of higher authorities of the country.There are two types of systems: the republic and the monarchy.
word "monarchy" is of Greek origin and literally means "power of one" (undivided).For this form of government is characterized by the concentration (partial or total) of power in the hands of one person - the head of the country (Shah, emperor, king, king, etc.).As a rule, power is transmitted by a system of inherited.
For the absolute monarchy characterized by autocracy head of state.In this case, the governor - the only sovereign power, it will make the laws, administers the court appoints the government.Today this form of government can only be observed in some countries: the UAE, Qatar, Oman, Brunei, Saudi Arabia.
constitutional monarchy has a few other features.For this form of government is characterized by a certain limitation of the power of the President.As a rule, this limitation is reflected in the Constitution.Develops a constitutional monarchy in the formation of bourgeois society.
In accordance with the degree of power constraints determine the two forms of government: the dualistic and parliamentary.
dual monarchy provides for the continuation of the executive monarch.The head of the country retained the right to form a government, the dissolution of parliament and the veto.
for parliamentary monarchy is characterized by the separation of powers.Formation of the government is due to the representatives of the party (or from several parties) majority.For this form of government is also characterized by the presence of the government's responsibility is not to the monarch and parliament.
Among countries with a parliamentary monarchy should be allocated Great Britain, Sweden, Japan, Spain and others.
Republican form of government characterized by the elective chapter.The term "republic" literally treated as a "public work".With such a system of public administration as a source of power in favor of the people.The republican form of government was formed for the first time in 5-4 centuries BC.e.in Athens.
In accordance with the method of organization and interaction between the branches of government, there are three types of the republic.
First, presidential form of government characterized by the fact that the President - is both head of state and, in the government.In this case, typically such a post, as the prime minister, is not provided.For this system it is also characteristic of the election of the president.The head of state has a number of powers.First of all, it can form a government that is not responsible to parliament.With this form of government marked a rigid separation of powers.Such a system state management exists, particularly in the United States.
Republic can also be parliamentary.In this case, Parliament has all the supreme power in the state.The President is usual in such circumstances has the power to a purely symbolic and has no significant influence on political life in the country.Parliament thus elected by the people.The government is formed from representatives of the coalition and the majority party in parliament.
There are also atypical forms of government in the state.Such systems include monarchist, semi-parliamentary, semi-presidential republic, republican monarchy.
For the semi-presidential system characterized by features of both parliamentary and presidential system of government.This form is appropriate and effective, provided that the parliamentary majority and the head of state hold a political direction and not the opposite.
