In the history of Russia during 1547-1583 play an important role.These years (the reign of Ivan the Terrible) associated with the general public, especially the notorious oprichnina.And she really had an important impact on the further political, social and economic development of the Moscow State.However, it is important to mention the other large-scale transformations that have occurred in these years.Board of Ivan the Terrible was accompanied by diverse reforms undertaken by the Government of its original time - Selected Rada.Essentially, all the changes were aimed at centralization of the state and further creation, in fact, the State orders and structures across the country.This is no different than a peculiar these years.Board of Ivan the Terrible is well within the pan-European trend towards absolute monarchical rule, which began as early as the High Middle Ages.Here we should mention another reason, which probably meant Ivan the Terrible.During the reign of his father and predecessor, Vasily III marked by large-scale popular uprisings.And in 1547 the mob even dared to kill a representative of the royal family, outraged arbitrariness of the boyars.It was obvious that the state needs reform.First of all, judicial and administrative.
reform efforts Chosen glad
To achieve the objectives was to create a kind of unofficial government with the king, which operated from 1547 to 1560.All the reforms were aimed at forming quality is actually the bureaucratic state system in Muscovy, taking control of the situation in the country, the centralization of power, the elimination of the vestiges of feudal strife, and so on.As part of this informal government included some nobles, nobles and spiritual leaders.The main changes were the following:
- judicial reform.Boyarsky court could no longer judge themselves boyars, that right was transferred to the exclusive jurisdiction of the court of the king.The new Code of Law, developed Rada abolished the feudal privileges of a number of court and increased the value of the central courts.For the first time the main and only source of law was proclaimed law.That is liquidated usual right to indulge boyar arbitrariness.
- Zemskaya reform transfers to the city or township agency community self-management: collecting taxes and maintaining their own order.In addition, the peasant commune was recognized equal rights to the city.Now all her choices - village elders, Dvorsky - considered state employees.
- military reform - perhaps most important, it was noted that the reign of Ivan the Terrible.It proclaimed the principle of compulsory service nobility.In 1550 it was created strelets army for the first time in the Russian lands.Important became a law abolishing the governorship during the fighting.
Oprichnina
However, despite the work themselves boyars, aimed at centralizing the state, they soon came the grim years.Board of Ivan the Terrible in his last period was marked by total terror against the aristocracy.King thought that the reforms are too slow, that the members of the government deliberately delaying an absolute his power.In the early 1960s, the king decides whether to shoulder.It creates a very docile body combat guardsmen who literally begin to physically destroy the representatives of the nobility.
