word "totalitarianism" (from the late "totalitas") denotes completeness, wholeness.This term originated and spread in the twenties-thirties.The concept was used when referring to the then existing political systems of several countries.For example, it says that there is a totalitarian regime in Italy, Nazi Germany and the Bolshevik Soviet Union.
One of the first people to use this concept was John. Amendola.This author stated that communism as fascism - a totalitarian regime, which is a reaction to democracy and liberalism.
This term is used and George. Gentile.In 1925, the definition of the beginning of the use of the Italian government.Through the activities of the Gentile, is the ideology of fascism, the term came into use.
totalitarian regime, signs of which are quite peculiar, there is (as history shows) in situations of deep crisis: the post-war period, during the war and so forth. At such times, you need to take tough measures to restore the economy and an end to strife, restore order,ensure stability.This need to protect the social groups play the role of the social foundations of the state.
Among the conditions conducive to the emergence of the totalitarian regime, the researchers point to the industrialization of society.In this case, one of the main prerequisites for the development of a new political order is to increase the possibilities of the media, which contribute not only to the universal ideologization, and establish control over all areas of personality.In these circumstances, it is born monopolization of the economy, combined with the strengthening of state power, as well as its supervisory and regulatory functions.
totalitarian regime is typically characterized by the presence of a single, officially formed ideology.Set it by the ruling elite, a political party leader, movement or "leader of the people."Doubtless this is when the state's desire to acquire absolute control over all aspects of society, as well as the complete subordination of man the dominant ideology and the existing authorities.At the same time, the state and the people are considered as a single, indivisible whole.
ideology determines the political leader.At the core of this ideology is a natural move to a specific purpose (to build communism or world domination, for example).
totalitarian regime takes only one party.At the same time the other political parties accelerated destroyed prohibited.The party in power (the power of the ruling) is declared the leading, and its installation presented as sacred dogma.
Under government control totalitarianism differs extreme centralism.Management practice is represented in the form of instruction execution on.This initiative is not only encouraged, but also severely punished.Local authorities have the task of transmitting commands.
as the center of the entire system enters the "leader."It announced the most fair, wise, infallible, constantly thinking only about the people's welfare.Any critical attitude to the leader immediately suppressed.
An integral feature of the totalitarian regime is constant and widely used against the population of terror.Thus, the main condition for the implementation and consolidation of power is physical violence.To do this, create ghettos and concentration camps, where torture is common, hard physical labor, the suppression of the resistance, and there are mass killings.It should be noted that the police exist in different political systems.But totalitarianism manifests "terroristichnost" policing, in which to kill a man, it is not necessary to prove his guilt.
