Folk tales do not contain existing knowledge, do not give the child a direct teachings on how to be smart, or rich, and contain the situation, which is necessary to solve the character and preschooler - to draw conclusions on their own, to find a teaching that is useful in life.Teaching preschoolers is conducted at specially organized sessions in which the teacher integrates several tasks: teach children to think, to decide, to choose, to perform an action.Problem learning using folk tales includes not only the analysis of the product, but also to find similarities with real life, the search for solutions, how to act in a particular situation.
Education then becomes a problem when the teacher does not provide ready-made knowledge, and offers children themselves to answer the question, drawing on past experience or conduct experimental activities.Problem learning begins with the research method, which involves active cognitive activity of children in finding and learning.
problematic forms of presentation material:
1) Problematic issue - it is not a simple act of reproduction of knowledge in memory, multi-step process of mental searching, saying guesses, hypotheses.In preschool children, based on the story tales are looking for an answer to the problematic question of collectively discussing and analyzing the known material with guidance from the tutor.Questions might include: "Why animals do not let the bear in the Mansion?", "Why gingerbread man left the house and rolled down the path into the woods?" "Baba Yaga good or bad?".
2) Subject task - is to find a way out of the conflict situation, when there is a contradiction or conflict in finding the right solutions.In every fairy tale has a problematic situation.Children together with the tutor can discuss how did the character, as one would do.Problem learning suggests that there may be several solutions, which gives an opportunity to reflect, to analyze not only a fabulous situation, but also from a similar life experiences of children.Ivan drank Voditsa of hooves and turned into a goat.What happens when children or adults are drinking dirty water or contaminated food is raised from the floor, take it in your mouth, or treat friends?The conversation can be directed to the preservation of health, the formation of safe behavior in children, but it is important that they have learned how to behave in such situations.
3) Problem situation - a solution to the problem with a lack of knowledge.In this case, to find the right solution, you need to carry out an experiment, experiment.Problem learning at this stage becomes complex: to resolve the situation can be put problematic issue or problem task.On the question of how to help Ivan to carry water in a sieve, the teacher can offer to conduct experiments with the transformation of water into steam and ice.Children of frozen water or pieces of ice on the street view, expressed a guess that if the liquid turns to ice, it can be carried in any capacity.
4) Subject lesson - it is a game or a training exercise that includes several forms of presentation of the problem.It can begin with a problematic issue, children can solve problems, carry out search work, argue, play staging with an estimated output of the situation.
Beginning with stories, problem-based learning in primary schools can be presented in the classroom for literacy or mathematics, to familiarize with the environment.Children who have learned to find their own knowledge, experience the thrill of finding answers to questions themselves are able to put these questions to you when homework.
Problem training - a way to activate the child's thinking, the development of analytical abilities.Learn to find a way out of the difficult situation on the basis of the fairy tale, the child in life can more optimistic about situations that would seem to have no solution.
