So it has historically, that different states at different times have different forms of protection of national interests in the world market.It selected item and determines the country's trade policy and its importance in the international arena.The most famous are considered protectionism and free trade.If the first is an attempt to protect the national interests of entrepreneurs, the second involves complete freedom of action in the trade.
protectionism - it is the policy of the Government for the protection of the interests of domestic producers and limit the importation of imported products.In the strongest possible terms this is expressed in the maximum export promotion and import restrictions or prohibitions of imports.National industry is protected by imposing high tariffs on foreign goods.This policy began on the basis of mercantilism.
On the one hand, for domestic producers is very competitive protectionism, it allows them to compete with importers and profitable to sell their products.But such a position of the State could lead to the emergence of monopolies, the deterioration of the quality of the goods.Besides, sooner or later, foreign trade will begin to decline significantly, and the state itself self-marginalizing.So often protectionism gives way to free trade, that is, free trade.
policy of establishing a level playing field for importers and domestic producers often yields positive results.The national economy is becoming more open, and relationships in the international market are improving significantly.After analyzing the policies of various countries, we can say that protectionism - is not the only sure way to improve their economic situation.Welfare state contributes just trade liberalization, it has a positive effect on the global community, and in each country.
Protectionism in Russia appeared in the XVII century with the opening of the first private factories.Then the king began to receive many complaints from merchants in the foreign traders, because of which they could not sell their goods.On the protection of domestic producers first got Alexis, followed by the rest of the rulers.That he overlaid foreigners heavy duty, pointed out to them, what and where to trade, and for some products was banned altogether.
every way to restrict exports by Peter I, Elizabeth, Catherine II, Alexander I, Nicholas I, Alexander II, Alexander III.Protectionism - is the main form of trade relations at the time.Rulers, weakening the protection of domestic producers were not held in high esteem, sooner or later, they had to change their views, and restrict imports.At the end of the XIX century, this policy has led to good consequences, the position of Russian industry considerably stronger.But the king's constant interference in the affairs of the capitalist power caused their discontent.It is not surprising that many wealthy entrepreneurs are strongly supported and even sponsored an opposition party.
