homeland has become the new mode of transport to London.It is the city introduced the basic rules of use.Metropolitan, which we see today began its history back in 1850.
from the problem to the idea
In the middle of the XIX century in the British capital had a problem of movement of passengers.By the time the number of inhabitants has reached two million, and there was almost a critical situation with transportation.It was necessary to quickly and easily get to work the people who lived outside of the city and its outlying areas.
While particularly well developed railway.Available Londoners were 6 stations that are located in the outskirts.There was one station in the center.But this amount is not enough for comfortable movement.Many railways in the streets of the capital building was prohibited.This could disrupt the historically important architecture and aesthetic appeal.This led to the fact that the endless stream of carriages and stagecoaches has caused congestion in the most popular areas.
plan into reality
problem was solved in 1863.It was then that there was a subway.January 10 launched the first line.Its length is 6 kilometers.It was a breakthrough in the field of transport - a new world where there were the rules of use.Metropolitan quickly became very popular.
engineer Marc Brunel from France in 1818, has invented a tunneling shield.With it paved the tunnel under the River Thames.The idea of this invention, and launched the underground transportation.
For a long time the building was delayed.During the construction of the lines have been demolished several houses.On the streets, where the work took place, stopped traffic.
project commissioned company Metropolitan Railways, whose name translates as "metropolitan railway".This is the name now consumed in many countries to refer to this type of transport.It is interesting that the British themselves have named metro word "underground".Colloquially often use the word "Tube", that is "pipe".
Started London Underground from seven stations.Trains were moving locomotive traction.Ventilation was poor then.Therefore, the smoke settled in wagons, soot filled tunnels.Chad obscured the pale light.But this did not prevent the working class go to the subway.
Spread the world
Nevertheless, the plan was acquitted.Such transport carriages moved quickly and without traffic jams.In the first year the train has transported 9.5 million.Furthermore, this figure is increasing.Subsequently changed operation, the price of tickets and general instructions for use underground.
idea of London adopted many other metropolises.In 1868, the subway was opened in New York.Further, the initiative took over Chicago.I do not lag behind Europe.After the British capital for such a road train made in Budapest, Paris and Berlin.
convenient and fast transport appeared in the USSR in 1935.The honor to open the first subway fell Moscow.Next underground path paved in Leningrad, Kiev and ten major cities.Soviet authorities gave permission for the construction only in those areas where construction has been cost-effective.Usually it is the cities, the number of inhabitants more than 1 million.
word "underground" was coined by writer Maxim Gorky.This name appears multiple times in one of his works.Simple and easy identification of underground coveted Soviet citizens.Use his contemporaries.
definition
In general, this transport has the same terms of use.Metropolitan is usually an underground tunnel.The parameters and dimensions are different in different countries.The main features of the system are the following factors: the use of electric traction, a stable schedule, speed and a large number of passengers.Ranges and the length of lines.For example, in Israel the way paved for 2 km, while in New York City mileage is 1300.
Despite the fact that the subway in essence very similar to the train, it's a completely different mode of transport, which has its own laws.Many of them have a logical explanation and interesting history.Most of the requirements was devised and implemented at home tunnels - in London.
basic laws
There are standard terms of use.Metropolitan can be dangerous for the passengers during their non-compliance.It is forbidden to go beyond the yellow line.This non-compliance with this rule, due most accidents.Often the violation occurs deliberately in order to commit suicide.The edge of the platform, circled with yellow paint, you can cross only after a full stop of the train.
When the doors open, it is necessary to withdraw the passengers who arrived, and after that go into the car.The transport is forbidden to cuddle up to the exit.It should move further away from the door, so as not to disturb others.For your own security, you should hold on to the handrails.
To stop his need to prepare in advance, rather than after the announcement.It is better to pack up and move slowly towards the center, not in turmoil.
general behavior
Rules subway in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities are always the same.The passenger must behave in a polite and friendly.His place is to give older people physically unhealthy people, expectant mothers and women with children.Any breakdowns or unusual situations that may harm the lives of passengers, should be reported to the driver.
not need to create situations that may interfere with other passengers to move freely.Another point to be at the station prohibits barefoot.
The car must comply with the order and behave politely and decently.All the same, there are rules for using the subway in Minsk, Moscow and Kiev it does not matter.Passengers are not allowed to appear in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication.You can not drink alcohol in the territory of the subway.
worth following, and their appearance.The clothes and luggage, which can stain people next door and the room, not allowed to enter.
There harsh ban on smoking in public transport.So one became the butt in November 1987, the cause of a large-scale fire in one of the underground stations in London.He claimed the lives of 31 people.
Personal belongings
To make users set some restrictions on size luggage.Large bags are not only disturb the other passengers, but also become a problem for you.Nevertheless, the administration can carry bikes that fold.Free You can go with a pram and wheelchair.
Rules Metro St. Petersburg, Moscow, Samara and other cities allow transporting pets if they are in special containers or bags.Benefits have also guide dogs, if they would be a muzzle, leash and a special character.
The metro can transport musical instruments, skis, sledges, prams, garden tools, fishing gear in the event that their dimensions do not exceed the norms established for this train.Here, customers should be aware that such baggage can cause injury as they themselves and their neighbors.
basis of overall comfort
safe movement strongly depends on the passengers themselves.A little different from the domestic world standards.There are unique rules for use of the Moscow metro (subway and other cities).It is forbidden to walk on the roadway.You can not put on the track or throwing any objects.They can cause damage to the car.
should not interfere in the process of opening and closing doors.If a passenger noticed these and other illegal actions, he is obliged to report a violation of the administration.Avoid unnecessary worry Guide.
can not stick ads on the walls of wagons.Banned trade and other business activities in the subway without appropriate documents.
Take care not only about their comfort, but also the peace of others.Do not listen to music without headphones.If you with your luggage, then place it so that it does not interfere with the movement of other passengers.It is not necessary to put the bag on the seat beside him and where other people can sit.
Under the supervision
Violation of rules for use by the passenger subway is strictly punishable by law.Each of the rules is imposed to ensure the safety of citizens.
Clients are not allowed to enter the premises on their own, which are intended exclusively for staff.Also at individual stations or subway in general can be banned video and photography.People should also keep in mind that behind them in the underground for security purposes can be monitored around the clock and an open hidden cameras.
also at some stations there are no trash cans.This is an intentional act that prevents terrorist acts.If you notice a bag or a box in the car or on the floor of the station, and close to the owner is not present, this should be reported to law enforcement agencies.
Mode
Usually such transport runs from early morning until late at night.Currently, there are basic rules of use.Petersburg metro is available from 5.45 to 0.10, in the capital, it carries passengers from 6 am until morning.In Samara, closes one hour earlier.During holidays, the operating mode can be changed.This structure of employees reported in advance.
Directions occurs on a fee basis.The exception is people who have certain privileges.For large bags and oversized baggage is to pay extra, like a special place.One passenger is allowed to take only one additional seat.The card and the ticket does not allow to carry things for free.Children under 7 years of age may travel without a ticket.
For the convenience of passengers today at their disposal - to stop cars.Rules Bike parking at the subway station must know motorists.
Standards of Conduct
There are certain conditions for the use of escalators.Standing on the canvas need to face the direction of travel of the tape.When transporting must hold on to the handrail.When the track is finished, you need to quickly get to the platform, so as not to disturb the people who are behind you.
When the flow of large customers, get on the escalator with the administration of the said party.Require special attention young children.During transport to let their hand is not necessary.It is better to keep the child in his arms.
baggage that goes with you, should not be left unattended.The bag should not be released.Raising it should be after the end of the track.
You can not leave your things out of control.For their safety is not responsible or Moscow or St. Petersburg or Samara Metro.Rules say that for valuable items that you carry, you have to watch yourself.
dangerous territory
often work in places such thieves.They are inattentive people and steal from the pockets of money and phones.Often crooks kidnap mobile immediately after the exit of the subway.There, they work better because there is no network of subways and passengers make calls as soon as the come to the surface.Thus, they show where the phone was hidden.
Many cars are not equipped with air conditioning, so in the summer it is hot.In order to survive the heat easier, the administration recommended to bring fresh water.
Since the territory of the underground tanks may be absent, it is necessary to keep clean and not throw garbage at his feet.
Rules Petersburg metro, metropolitan subways and underground public transportation to other cities are usually the same and differ only in details.However, before you go into the subway, is again carefully read the main rules of behavior in this place.
