bureaucracy - is (literally) "Stationary domination."On the socio-political point of view this concept characterizes the process of the exercise of power by privileged persons selected by the ruling class.Bureaucracy - a form that arose in an exploitative society in the process of division of people into classes.At the same time formed a government, the structure of which the exploiters put forward their interests as the interests of the people.
bureaucracy and red tape - the form and method of control through bureaucracy or officials, cut off from society, and stood over him.Characteristic features of this management structure - caste, isolation, standardization responsibilities formalization suppression initiatives.According to Marx, the bureaucracy - is the transformation of state tasks in office, or vice versa.This form of management creates the content of the formal targets everywhere coming into conflict with the goals real.Such is the theory of bureaucracy, according to Marx.
With the changing socio-economic formations and varied managerial form.As the researchers note, even for the slave system was characterized by bureaucracy.It was a complex hierarchy of positions and bodies.In feudal states was also distributed "office" machine.A special place in this case was given to the church bureaucracy.
However, most of this form of government has reached in a capitalist society.Along with an extensive network of military, police and administrative authorities under the conditions of this society there were political parties, different non-bourgeois associations, which were characterized by the dismemberment of the administrative apparatus.
to pre-capitalist formations manifestation of bureaucracy was typical only in the political sphere.Subsequently (after the formation of capitalist society), this form is active and penetrated in the social life.
Special strengthening bureaucracy noted in the imperialist period.For this era was characterized by the merger of the monopolies and the state apparatus.Thus, the state bureaucracy was combined with monopolistic tip that helped to concentrate in the hands of its economic and political power.A characteristic feature of this structure is the existence of so-called "Institute of Management," is a corporate administration.In fact, he is a new layer of bureaucracy.The extreme manifestations of this form of management is autocratic structure of the fascist type.
Some sociologists (adherents of the bourgeoisie), seeking to justify the increase in red tape in the conditions of modern capitalism, frequently refer to the complexity of the management structure in general and the need to use a hierarchical system, streamlining and rationalization.Thus, there is the identification of "clerical domination" with the principle of leadership and organization.At the same time, some authors point out that the need for the formation of the management structure of the different spheres of social life occurred at all stages of development of society and will continue to occur.At the same time the dominance of the bureaucracy has developed into a class society, and disappears when the corresponding elimination of differences.
According to sociologists, the establishment of a true democracy is incompatible with the "bureaucratic domination."According to Marx, the elimination of bureaucracy becomes feasible, provided a real transfer of general interest in particular.In other words, it becomes the main needs of the people.At the same time, eliminate the remnants of the bureaucracy does not happen automatically with the abolition of the form itself.For the complete elimination of all of its features should be purposeful and systematic work.
