Translated from the Greek "heuristics" literally means "open", "to look for."There are several heuristic methods of solving problems and get new ideas.Consider some of them.
best known heuristic - a method of trial and error, that is, that are nominated and considered various solutions (samples) of any problem.Each alternative is discussed in detail, analyzed mentally or decided in practice.If you recognized that this option failed, it is determined erroneous and put forward a new idea.
Another heuristic method - a method of control matters is that you are using a list of questions such as these:
- How can you simplify the subject, object, or process?
- What can rearrange or turn?
- What can zoom in, zoom?
such questions can be quite a lot.But on the one hand this list has to be long to be more likely to find the right solution, but on the other - it must be short, to more quickly find the answer and not get lost in the huge number of issues.
Next heuristic - so-called "brainstorming" or "brainstorming techniques."It consists of the following.To solve a problem created by a group of people from a few to several hundred people.I myself spent "brainstorming" with the participation of about 300 people.In the first phase generated all kinds of solutions to the problem, including the most unusual and even fantastic.The main rule in the first phase - a ban on criticism and creating an atmosphere conducive to the inflow of new, original ideas.The second stage - the critic and comprehensive analysis of the suggestions, which, naturally, must be recorded in the first stage.After a detailed analysis, clarifying the positive and negative sides of the solution of all the alternatives, is usually the optimal number, which can be put into practice.
Another heuristic - synectics (a literal translation from English - "the combination of heterogeneous elements").This method is a continuation and development of "brainstorm" with the only difference being that there is usually a group of participants and the constant criticism is possible at the first stage of putting forward proposals to address the challenges.It is believed that permanent staff members brings them, they cease to be afraid of criticism and more productive work.
Heuristic method training characterized in that its main task - the creation of pupils, to train new educational products: essays, various crafts, works of art - paintings, songs, dances, school performances, various quizzes and competitions, competition, and others.
These forms of employment include: heuristic lessons, business games, a variety of creative projects, training, research and the protection of others.
heuristic method is used in the economic, business sphere.The organizations often need to develop management solutions for unusual, creative, creative tasks.The managerial practices of such problems are many and here comes to the aid of heuristics.
Heuristic methods decision making is used when it is impossible to solve the problem of the conventional standard method.There are many techniques that are part of heuristics: a generalization;specification of objectives;reformulation of the inverse problem;the concentration of ideas;Criticism of traditional solutions;the movement from back to front;restructuring of the text in the model;the use of such tasks;consideration from various angles;The use of analogies, the creation of a new structure and others.
