What explosion?This process of converting the instantaneous state of the explosive, which is released when a significant amount of heat and gases, forming a shock wave.
Explosives are compounds having the ability to undergo changes in physical and chemical state as a result of external action to form an explosion.
classification of types of explosions
1. Physical - energy of the explosion is the potential energy of the compressed gas or steam.Depending on the magnitude of the internal pressure of the explosion energy is obtained various capacities.The mechanical action of the explosion caused by a shock wave.Fragments of the shell cause additional damaging effect.
2. The chemical - in this case an explosion caused almost instantaneous chemical interaction of the substances included in the composition, with the release of large amounts of heat and gases and vapors with a high compression ratio.Explosions these types are characterized, for example, for powder.The resulting chemical substance reaction warms much pressure.The explosion of pyrotechnics also belongs to this species.
3. Nuclear explosions are lightning-quick reaction nuclear fission or fusion, characterized by huge power released energy, including heat.Colossal temperature in the epicenter of the explosion leads to the formation of the zone of very high pressure.Expansion of the gas leads to a shock wave, which cause mechanical damage.
Definition and classification of the explosion, the right to act in an emergency.
type
Explosives by type of action classified into the following types:
- condensed;
- volume.
The first type - is such a compound that, when under normal conditions, in solid or liquid state, under external influence may begin the conversion reaction, accompanied by the appearance of superheated vapor and gases to form a stable high pressure zone.Abrupt expansion of the gaseous medium gives rise to impact.Such reactions are referred to as explosive transformation.
to start the reaction should be given explosives some initial energy of mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, or other type.
Groups explosives
There are three main groups of condensed explosives.
| Properties | |
| I | Particularly dangerous explosives. inclined to join the conversion reaction, low stabil-.Hazards are even in small quantities.Examples acetylide of copper (I), nitrogen trichloride. |
| II | primary explosives. more stable in comparison with I group.Easy detonated by mechanical or thermal action from the outside.Often used in detonators.Examples of lead azide, mercury fulminate (II). |
| III | secondary explosives. Initiation explosion occurs only when a strong external impact, for example, from the detonation.Relatively stable and provide long-term storage, warehousing possible.Examples: dynamite, TNT. |
| IV | Gunpowder Explosions are very stable, react poorly to external mechanical influences.Initiated by heat.Depending on the environmental conditions may burn or explode (in closed loop). |
Features
Explosions differ depending on the chemical reactions:
- decomposition characteristic of the gaseous medium.
- redox processes involve the presence of a reducing agent, which reacts with airborne oxygen.
- reaction mixtures.
bombings attributed to the bulk dust explosions and bursts of steam clouds.
dust explosion
characteristic they dusted for closed buildings, such as mines.A dangerous concentration of combustible dust occurs during mechanical bulk material, which give a large amount of dust.Working with explosive substances requires a complete knowledge of what a blast.
For each type of dust there is the so-called concentration limits above which there is a risk of spontaneous explosion, and a measured amount of dust in grams per cubic meter of air.The calculated value of the concentration is not constant and must be adjusted depending on the humidity, temperature and other environmental conditions.
particular danger is the presence of methane.In this case, there is an increased likelihood of detonation dust mixtures.Already five percent methane vapor content in the air threatens to burst, due to what should be the ignition of a dust cloud and increasing turbulence.There is a positive feedback loop that leads to an explosion of high energy.Scientists are attracted by such reactions, the theory of the explosion is still haunted many.
safety when working in a confined space
When working in confined spaces with high dust content in the air should be mandatory to adhere to the following safety rules:
- Remove dust by ventilation;
- struggle with excessive dryness of the air;
- dilution air mixture inert gases to reduce the concentration of explosives.
Dust explosions are not specific to mining, but also for buildings and granaries.
explosions of steam clouds
is the reaction of a lightning change of state, generating the formation of a blast wave.Happen outdoor space is limited due to the ignition of fuel vapor cloud.Typically, this happens when the leak of liquefied gas.
For security reasons, we recommend carefully observe the following precautions:
- refusing to work with flammable gas or vapor;
- refusal of ignition sources that could cause a spark;
- avoidance of enclosed space.
We must soberly realize that such an explosion, the dangers it carries.Failure to comply with safety rules and illiterate use of certain items leads to disaster.
Gas explosions
most common emergencies in which there is an explosion of gas occur as a result of improper handling of the gas equipment.It is important to timely elimination of the characteristic determination.That means an explosion of gas?There he is due to improper use.
In order to prevent such explosions, all gas appliances must undergo regular preventive maintenance inspection.All residents of private houses and apartment buildings, recommended annual maintenance VDGO.
To reduce the consequences of the explosion construction of premises where installed gas equipment, do not capital, but rather lightweight.In the event of an explosion does not occur serious damage and debris.Now that you understand what a blast.
order to gas leakage was easier to define, it adds an aromatic additive ethyl mercaptan, which causes a characteristic odor.With such a smell in the room you need to open windows, providing fresh air.Then, call the gas service.At this time it is better not to use electrical switches that can cause a spark.It is strictly forbidden to smoke!
explosion of fireworks can also be a threat.Store these items must be equipped in accordance with the regulations.Defective products can be harmful to the person who uses it.All of this is certainly taken into account.
