Oil shale is classified as chemical and fuel and energy raw materials.This mineral resource lies at a relatively shallow depth.It is included in the group of solid caustobiolites and comprises a mineral part and organic matter.Industrial value of both mineral and organic part.The main mineral components of fossil - aluminum silicates and carbonates.
Shale oil used in the energy sector.In the direct combustion of raw materials produced electrical and thermal energy.Used oil shale and technological purposes.They are the raw material in the metallurgical and chemical industries.Deep processing of oil shale produces liquid fuel.
It should be noted that the definition of "oil shale" has many interpretations.Typically, these include fine-grained sedimentary clay, silica or carbonate rocks, in which the organic matter content of 15 to 40%.If the organic moiety of from 5 to 15%, the rocks belong to the category of kerogen;40% and more - to sapropelic coal.Some authors also include the group of shale rock from the kerogen content lower index of 5 or 10 and an upper 30-50%, and in some instances 60-80%.
Professor Krum-Brown in 1912 proposed the use of the term "kerogen".This word refers to an organic substance of oil shale in Scotland.Later the term began to be used in other countries.Kerogen when heated is capable of forming oil-like liquid, it is called "shale oil" (or "shale oil").
Some experts believe that the very phrase that is used for the name of the breed, is not entirely successful.English translation sounds like "oil shales" (oil and oil shale), the languages of Latin origin is called the rock "bitumineux" (bituminous shale).However, it is known that the so-called fossils contain virtually no bitumen (crude oil).But breed may provide when heated to five hundred degrees and more viscous liquid resembling oil.At one time it supposed to form a special commission that would draw up a common terminology.However, all of these concepts already have become part of everyday life, so that the correct position makes no sense.
For a correct evaluation of rock properties and determine the most rational spheres of their use is the study of their material composition.Preliminary research carried out macroscopic and then in more detail.
To study the material composition of shale oil produced thin sections (slices) or shale pieces of polished (polished sections).Thus, it becomes possible to thorough investigation.Indistinguishable to the naked eye particles called microcomponents.They were examined under a microscope.
Oil shale include microcomponents such as Algin (remnants of plankton algae) sorbomikstinit (a substance that has no structure, are a mixture of clay or alginita substances and residues of higher plants).It is found in the composition of rocks and showcase (gelifitsirovannye wood residues), liptinit (resin calf cuticle, pollen, spores), semivitrinit (transition to the substance of the vitrinite fyuzinitu) fyuzinit (fyuzenizirovannye (opaque) woody debris with defined structure of cells).
mineral part of shale rock composed mainly of fine particle usually hydromica material: chemogenic, pelitomorphic or organo-detritusovogo carbonate material, chalcedony shells of diatoms.
considered most important qualities such minerals as part of ash, moisture and sulfur content, yield resins, heat of combustion, and others.
