Hypothesis - is a multifaceted concept.With his determination, it is important to consider that in various spheres of thought and action of its content is different.This is because any objective view of the specific activity or thinking at defined object (in this case the object is a semantic field of the concept of "hypothesis") represents only a partial focus dictated by the content of the subject.Common definitions, which is integrated to the universal view of all the parties subject, there can not be.
At the same time, it is quite legitimate and routine procedure in logic - multiple characteristics of an object successively from different subject areas according to the principle of subsidiarity.Only she and gives the ability to define concepts based on multi-disciplinary content descriptions.
hypothesis in its simplest sense
In everyday language hypothesis - is the thesis-hypothesis.He put forward to explain certain phenomena whose understanding is not sufficient.
In a more general, but also the ordinary sense hypothesis - This involves judgments that are required to confirm or deny.
hypothesis in the most generalized value
According encyclopedic dictionary, the hypothesis - that statement, the assumption of regularity and causality linking all phenomena.In a more narrow sense of the hypothesis of a factor called developing science.
hypothesis in psychology
From the point of view of psychology, the hypothesis - is a cognitive tool that is built in the psyche need to focus activities and to assume this and discern in the outside world of its various properties.The subjective view of the world, which varies in each individual, determines these assumptions and differences.
If the individual does not have a ready solution to the problem he creates initially one or more of the most common hypotheses.Their test enables stimulate search activity, enriching activities and thinking of new assumptions, aimed more precisely.
is noteworthy that the general hypothesis does not necessarily lie in the theory and did not necessarily its concepts.Hypothesize and determine their nature subject can in the intuitive operation, in which the logical foundations of the assumptions themselves are not subject to the reflexive study.
On this opportunity, in particular, founded known technology "brainstorming" - group problem solving in which the actors put forward the hypothesis of an instant without their prior understanding.Only further analysis of all of the assumptions of the array allows the material to deal with.
hypothesis logic
hypothesis logic - preliminary, conditional explanation, aimed at a certain group of events or a single event.It is alleged the judgment of the presence or absence of the phenomenon.
It can be turned to the future and the past of the object, its properties and relations, reasons of his birth.
basis for hypothesizing yavlyaetya quite some knowledge about the phenomena being studied.Launched in reliance on this knowledge, the hypothesis mimics the guiding principle that guides and adjusts the continuation of experiments and observations.
The phenomenon of scientific knowledge contains a hypothesis as a necessary link.
hypothesis is neither true nor false.It is a knowledge of the alleged, probabilistic nature, will not get the logic of proof.It can not be considered reliable because of experience is not confirmed, unless it is a question of a false hypothesis (see. Below).
hypothesis of uncertainty, its place - not a lie and not the truth, but somewhere in between.
confirm if the hypothesis fails, it becomes the truth, and thus loses its status itself.
If the hypothesis is disproved, it is all the more loses its status, but gets the value of false statements.
hypothesis in the science of science
scientific hypothesis - a research tool, giving the opportunity to put forward, to confirm or deny the language of science itself clearly defined its problems.It is necessary to explain the new evidence and after careful study them, to eliminate possible conflicts between them.
So, with the help of hypotheses to resolve contradictions between the theory and the negative results of experiments.
Types of hypotheses
assumptions underlying the scientific hypotheses vary in their degree of generality.
In accordance with the assumptions of the degree of generality and different scientific hypotheses themselves.
They are:
- general;
- private;
- unit.
general hypothesis - this assumption, how nature and society, as well as what laws mental activity flows of people.
These assumptions should be scientifically justified.
General hypothesis in his nomination of a number of conditions must be maintained to match its logical status.They must:
- explain to the whole class described phenomena;
- regular character display objects described in their relationship for any time and for any location.
Private hypothesis - this assumption, how to construct objects allocated as part of the more general classes of natural phenomena, thought and activity events or facts of the life of society.
As for the general hypothesis, the assumption of a private nature must be scientifically justified.
Unit hypothesis - this assumption about the structure of a single fact, a specific event or phenomenon.
working hypothesis
proving identity, private or general conjecture, reason has the right to build a number of auxiliary assumptions, which are not causal investigation or other laws of the object.Such a hypothesis called the workers and allow multiple rebuttal frequent changes, up to their complete reconstruction or even cancel them.
false hypothesis , which is a special case of a working hypothesis, put forward only as an assumption, without necessarily the intention to refute or confirm it.Author
false hypothesis does not know and does not try to find out true or false.He since the extension in good faith believes in the truth of it.
This hypothesis was called the main misconceptions.Contrary to popular belief, it can be quite useful.As his denials, it helps to build new working hypotheses.
