In humans, there are smart cells, which always know where protection is weakened and begins to emerge the disease.The name of the guardian of health - a white blood cell.It was he active in the struggle with alien microorganisms.There is a hierarchy of white blood cells, each responsible for a specific type of process.
What leukocytes
leukocytes - are special cells that have no color.Their shape is often circular, the structure comprises a core.These blood components are formed in organs such as the spleen, lymph nodes.Another authority of their origin - bone marrow.
white blood cell count less than erythrocytes.In general, in one cubic milliliter of blood, there are about 400 000 white blood cells.These cells are actively involved in the fight against pathogens.Human immunity heavily depends on the ability of leukocytes to prevent the penetration of germs into the body.There are the following types of blood cells: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils - they make granulocyte series.Monocytes, lymphocytes are representatives agranulocytes.
Neutrophils: structure and characteristics
This is the largest group of white blood cells.In humans, they make up 70% of all leukocytes.The name of this subspecies cells derives from the ability to be painted as a basic dye and eosin (in research of cell structures).
Since white blood cell - is a tool for controlling harmful cells, neutrophils secrete special substances that neutralize bacteria.Only a small fraction of these cells found in the blood (in the normal state is about 1%).All the main mass is located in the tissues of the body.
Neutrophils are the first to detect the affected area.If the number of white blood cells of this type increases, we speak of neutrophilia.The reasons for this phenomenon are infections (bacterial or fungal nature), inflammatory processes, the presence of tumors.Also, their growth can be provoked bleeding, taking certain drugs, damage (including necrosis) of tissue.If the number of neutrophils is reduced (neutropenia), it is possible that a person has a viral infection, radiation therapy was performed, the spleen is enlarged in size.
Eosinophils: this particular group of cells
Eosinophilic leukocyte - is the main enemy of toxins and products of the reaction such as antigen-antibody.Such cells act as a cleansing and detoxification of blood.They also promote wound healing and protect against allergic reactions.Their number depends on the time of day and age.For example, at night eosinophils significantly higher.These white blood cells in children are few higher figures than in adults (1-7% and 1-5%, respectively).If the number is increasing, it could indicate a flow of allergic reactions, the presence of worms, malignant tumors.Also, such a phenomenon is observed in cirrhosis of the liver, ulcers, dermatitis.But infectious diseases are high rates of positive information - similar stage of recovery.The low number of eosinophils indicate exhaustion and stress (post-surgery, injury, permanent lack of sleep).
Feature basophils
number of blood cells is one of the smaller - about 1%.Their size is significantly greater neutrophil and eosinophil.This white blood cell - is an active member of allergic reactions.Basophils are responsible for the appearance of symptoms of hives and other symptoms of allergies.Due to the presence of these cells in the blood, poison animals, insects when ingested do not disagree over the body and are locked.Increasing the number of basophils to a violation of the thyroid gland, ulcerative colitis.But not always a high level indicates the presence of disease.Sometimes this phenomenon occurs because of malnutrition, iron deficiency.Low basophils observed during pregnancy, ovulation, taking certain medications.Also, it may indicate infection with worms.
Monocytes are white blood cells called monocytes lacking granules.This oval cells, they are formed in the bone marrow.The total amount of up to 10%.The life cycle of monocytes lasts an average of 30 days.To a place of destruction they come immediately after the neutrophils and have a remarkable bactericidal effect.They also are able to absorb all kinds of foreign cells.If neutrophils are reduced, the number of monocytes is able to grow (to provide all the necessary functions).If the number of white blood cells of this type exceeds the norm, it is possible to speak about the presence of infectious diseases (such as influenza), malaria, tuberculosis, leukemia.Reducing the amount of such a condition characterized as anemia.If the level of monocytes is nearing zero, the doctor can diagnose a very serious illnesses (leukemia, sepsis).
Lymphocytes: features
These blood cells are the "long-lived", they are able to operate more than a dozen years.Among the main features of their isolated maintenance of immunity, antibody production.In addition, they store information about past human diseases (thus, some kinds of diseases appear only once).
very important ability of lymphocytes - the destruction of the cells in which the process of mutation.Among all the number of blood cells at the level of 35%.White blood cells are the children of this type are even greater performance.In the first months of life, level of lymphocytes is 70%, from 6 to 15 years, he is reduced to 50%.Most often, their high rates observed in viral infections.If the number significantly exceeds the norm, there is a suspicion of a tumor of the bone marrow.White blood cells in children with this type of increase in measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella.Reducing the number of lymphocytes can signal an infection of bacterial type lymphoma.
Leukocytosis Leukocytosis - a dangerous condition.What does it mean?White blood cells in the body are more than provide performance standards.Their levels can indicate the presence of a specialist on a certain kind of diseases.
Thus, an increase in white blood cell count can talk about the presence of infection, inflammation in the body.If their number is enormous figures, in this situation it is often diagnosed a serious disease (leukemia, leukemia).Do not forget that the level of white blood cells and affect the quality of food, and stressful situations.Many leukocytes observed during physical activity.
