For centuries, the role of humans in the ecosystem assumed its active intervention in the natural chain with a view to its scrutiny.This interest is constantly fueled the constant evolution of ecosystems that occur regardless of human activities, which sometimes lead to irreversible consequences for the environment and for people.
Man and Nature
Today, human impact on the ecosystem has become almost absolute.Over the past few centuries, thanks to the significant development of technological progress, environmental pollution has reached a critical point and the beginning pose a serious danger.
significant influence on atmospheric changes has a circulation of carbon in nature, since it is in substantial amounts in the composition of most minerals in the earth.The combustion of fossil fuel in the enterprises it emits dioxide (carbon dioxide), which has the property to accumulate in the air, as a result of large-scale deforestation, the remaining plants will not have time to deal with the cleaning.
a result of a steady increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the world has been increasing global greenhouse effect is the fact that the dioxide at trapping heat on the surface, causing excessive heat, the effect of which increases with each passing day.
Analysis and assessment of human activities in the ecosystem allow properly judge that if you do not take decisive measures to normalize the ecological situation, the immune system can not adequately deal with the pollution, has a devastating effect on the human body, which can then lead toirreversible consequences.The thing is that the polluter can affect the body, both directly and indirectly, easily navigating through the various elements of the ecosystem.
Desert
all terrestrial ecosystems can be divided according to the climatic and vegetation characteristics, while each ecosystem inherent individual characteristics associated not primarily with rare animals and plants that live there, and climate factors.In the first place in this category include the desert ecosystem.
main feature of this area is that the power of vapor in it is much higher than the level of precipitation.As a result of such conditions in the desert vegetation is scarce.For this area is characterized by clear weather and the prevalence of stunted plants, resulting in night soil begins hard to lose heat accumulated during the day.It should be borne in mind that the desert took over 15% of the land surface and are located in almost all terrestrial latitudes.
Desert can be:
- Tropical.
- Moderate.
- cold.
Plants and animals living in them, regardless of the weather conditions can accumulate in the body and retain scarce moisture.Destruction of vegetation in the area leads to the fact that on her recovery will take a huge amount of time and effort.
Savannah
Natural ecosystems also include savannah region, the territory of which, in fact, are herbaceous ecosystems.This category includes areas that are experiencing several long dry periods, and upon completion falls excessive rainfall.This category covers a wide ecosystem of areas on both sides of the equator, occurring even in areas close to the Arctic desert.
Despite the fact that people are extremely rare in this kind of terrain found in these areas oil and gas reserves have provoked high anthropogenic impacts, as a result of low levels of organic decomposition of vegetation growth rates are minimal, due to what it is this environmental area is oneof the most vulnerable.
Forest ecosystems
All forests, regardless of species, also belong to the category of terrestrial ecosystems.
They are represented:
- deciduous forests.The main feature is the rapid recovery of vegetation after cutting.Therefore, this area is better able to counteract the negative impact that it has on people.
- conifers.Basically the data presented in the taiga forest areas.This is where most of the wood is extracted for industrial needs.
- tropical.Trees in these forests retain foliage almost throughout the year, due to what is provided by the stable clean atmosphere of carbon dioxide.As a result of the destruction of human vegetation topsoil completely washed away due to prolonged exposure to rain, and the forest is almost impossible to recover from logging.
engineered, ecosystems
artificial ecosystems or agrocenosis include artificial human ecosystem, whose main task is to maintain and stabilize the environmental situation in the world, as well as the stable supply of available human and animal food.This category includes:
- Fields.
- Haymakings.
- Parks.
- Gardens.
- garden.
- Forest planting.
In most cases artificial ecosystems required to produce agricultural products for the person of its normal life.Despite the fact that they are not very reliable in terms of environmental, high productivity allows, using the minimum amount of land areas to provide food throughout the world.The main criteria, which puts people at their creation, are the conservation of cultures, has a maximum performance score.
The population in agrotcenoze mainly due to the departure of that person can provide to improve fertility, which badly needs an artificial ecosystem.Man, the nature of which is associated with permanent openings in the most important areas for life, long understood that it is this kind of ecosystems are constantly in need of admission useful elements.Among them are crucial water and fertilizer, some of which are constantly disappears from the soil through the water cycle.The only way to save the yield and prevent famine in the ever deteriorating environmental conditions.
In the agrotcenoze, as in any other field, there are the food chain of the ecosystem, which is a mandatory component of people.At the same time it was he who played a crucial role, because without it there can be no artificial ecosystem.The fact is that without the proper care, it maintains its properties for a maximum of a year in the form of grain fields and a quarter century in the form of fruit and berry crops.
The best way to increase and sustain the productivity of these ecosystems remains reclamation of soils, helps clean the land from foreign elements and stabilize the natural growth of plants.
Impact on natural ecosystems
Natural ecosystems include both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.Thus, humanity must take substantial measures to protect bodies of water from penetration of harmful substances.Number of living organisms, for which water is the main source of life, depends on its content of salts and temperature factors.Unlike terrestrial ecosystem animals living under water need constant access to oxygen, whereby they tend to float.
Terrestrial ecosystems are different from water, not only by the root system of vegetation, but the basic components of food.Thus, depending on the depth of water, food sources becomes much smaller.Even if emissions of waste produced by companies not in water sources, and on the surface of the Earth due to atmospheric precipitation pollution gets into the ground water.And since they reached the main sources of destroying them most of the living organisms and exerting an adverse effect on the human body in the human consumption of water.
Species air pollution
consequences of human activities in ecosystems primarily affected the air pollution.Until recently, it was considered the most ambitious environmental problem of all big cities, however, thanks to a careful study of the problem, the scientists found out that air pollutants can travel long distances from the direct emission sources.Therefore, we can conclude that even living in a very favorable environment, people are immune to the harmful effects of as little as those who live in close proximity to industrial sources.
most common air pollutants, which are significantly affected by the environment, are:
- Increase in the composition of the air concentration of its basic elements - carbon dioxide.
- Nitrogen oxides.
- hydrocarbons.
- sulfur dioxide.
- gas mixture of chlorine, fluorine and carbon compounds, known as CFCs.
This human impact on the ecosystem has led the fight against environmental pollution has become global level, becoming the most important challenge for all countries without exception.Only in close international cooperation can achieve optimal rapid stabilization of the ecological situation.
negative consequences of negative human activities in the ecosystem has led to the fact that the air annually reduced concentration of natural atmospheric constituents, and most of all suffers the upper atmospheric layer in which the concentration of ozone sometimes reaches a critical point.At the same time the main difficulty in the recovery of its stable performance consists in the fact that he can significantly enhance ozone air pollution on the earth's surface and have a disastrous impact on most crops.Furthermore, by mixing ozone with nitric oxide, hydrocarbon and the formation of photochemical smog, which is the most harmful mixture detrimental effect on the environment.
Today the world's best minds working on the problem of reducing the negative effects of human activity.Of course, the ecosystem created by man, partially normalized figures, but there is a steady increase in emissions from industrial plants, accumulating in the atmosphere.
In addition, there is also a side factors as dust, noise, electromagnetic fields and enhance climate change, as a result of which the temperature of the environment in recent years has increased significantly, causing irreversible climate change.
measures to support environmental
As human impact on the ecosystem has led to serious climate change, particularly global warming, humanity must develop serious measures to combat pollution, increasing the number of ecosystems in the world, regardless of whether they are natural or artificial.Due to the accumulation of gases in the atmosphere, of which only a small part is scattered in outer space, and the rest on the ground causing the greenhouse effect, the researchers suggest further substantial increase in global temperature, destructively reflects on the whole live.However, please be aware that no such influence, has undergone little change over millions of years, modern ecosystems, aimed at supporting human ecological situation, would not exist.
However mankind must seriously reduce the emissions of harmful elements in the air, and at least stabilize the process of deforestation, with the formation of new green spaces, because a stable increase in the greenhouse effect in the future will lead to the evaporation of the water and the deterioration of the weather systems.It is important that certain measures in this area have already been taken.First of all it concerns the establishment of the Intergovernmental Group, whose mission - to monitor climate change and identify the location of the powerful gas emissions by throwing all their forces to fix the environmental situation in the region.
was also created World Environmental Congress, better known as "Earth Summit".It conducts full-scale operation aimed at concluding an international agreement between all countries in order to reduce gas emissions and other harmful elements in the atmosphere.
Although conclusive evidence of modern man-made warming to date does not exist, most scientists believe that the irreversible process has already begun.That is why it is so important that the whole world teamed up to stabilize the environmental situation in the world.
Human impact on the ecosystem can be partially eliminated by the development and further implementation of powerful systems that will be used to thoroughly clean the air.Today, such structures are set only on the most advanced companies, but their number is so small that abatement passes almost unnoticed in the global background.
no less importance is more and develop alternative energy sources that do not produce harmful effects on the environment.In addition, industrial production should reach a new level of performance with the use of non-waste industrial technology, and measures to combat the exhaust gases that produce cars, should be strengthened as much as possible.Only after the situation is stabilized as much as possible, the global organization for the protection of the environment will be able to properly identify and combat all violations.
steps to stabilize the situation
negative human impact on the ecosystem can be observed not only in the pollution of the nature of chemical waste, such as in the case of Chernobyl, but also in the universal extinction of the most endangered species of animals and plants.All these factors contribute to the deterioration of human health, regardless of age group.In addition, environmental disturbances affect even unborn children, greatly impairing the general condition of the global gene pool and affecting mortality rate.
detailed analysis and assessment of the impact human ecosystems can judge that the main environmental degradation in the world are mainly associated with human activities deliberately aimed.This field may include poaching and increase in the number of chemical plants, emissions that have a strong impact on the environment.If in the near future of mankind does not realize what the results will eventually his actions, and begins to actively use purification technology, including increasing the number of green areas, especially in large industrial cities in the future this may lead to irreversible consequences throughout the world.
