Subsistence farming - is the simplest form of economic system.The conditions for the existence of this form of people support themselves essential goods to meet their own needs.
Subsistence farming has its own characteristics.
Mostly this form of economic organization is a closed complex of relations.The society in which these relations exist, includes detached and fragmented farm (area, estates, community, family).In addition, each element of the structure allows himself, relying only on their own strength.Thus, in a subsistence economy to perform various works, from extraction of raw materials to manufacture products ready for consumption.
Subsistence farming is characterized by a universal manual labor.Thus any possible division into types.Each worker, with simple tools (shovel, hoe, rake, etc.) perform the necessary work.In the old days of such "universal workers' folded sayings (" Jack of all trades ", for example).
Subsistence farming is characterized by the direct economic ties between the consumer and the production.These relations are developing in a "manufacturing-distribution-consumption."In other words, the separation of the production takes place between the producers, and then it (production) goes to private consumption, avoiding exchange for other goods.This scheme ensures the stability of the natural economy.
The simplest form of economic relations dominated the world throughout the pre-industrial era - for more than nine and a half millennia.This stability of the system is associated with many factors.
Subsistence farming is characterized by a certain stagnation of the economy.This is due to a very slow increase in production.In addition, manual labor is not conducive to the improvement and consolidation of knowledge and skills.
for economic activity in the natural environment is characterized by the production of low productivity.In many underdeveloped countries the worker is able to feed a village of only two people.With this genuine economic activity does not fully meet the needs of the traditional mainstream society.
These factors depend on each other and hinder the development of this type of economic relations.As a result, in a subsistence economy causal links form a kind of closed system.Experts call it the "circle of stagnation of the economy."
Under capitalism, there was a natural and commodity economy.The second was further developed in the capitalist countries.The natural system of management to a greater extent preserved in states with pre-industrial economy.In underdeveloped countries in the mid-20th century, it was occupied more than half of the population in semi-natural and natural economy.Currently, analysts say, in these countries the economic system is going through a crucial period.
The Russian natural way of farming observed in orchards and gardens of urban residents, as well as ancillary areas peasants.
in the history of Russian economic development specialists identify a number of paradoxes.For example, from the time when it was announced, "move to the market", the number of gardens with views of the natural economy.Thus, the development has gone in the opposite direction.Moreover, instead of striving forward many areas of the state have increased their economic isolation.In these areas, a ban on the export of products to other regions.Thus the leadership in the field tends to increase the supply of local populations.
