established that the human body is constantly present and eighty-six elements of the periodic system.Needed to sustain twenty-five components, of which eighteen are absolutely necessary, and seven - are useful.
Such chemical cell elements as nitrogen and hydrogen, carbon and oxygen, occupy about 98% of its weight.The content of other components is very small.For example, sulfur is present in an amount of 0.15-0.2%, and the proportion of iodine necessary only 0.000001%.
Chemicals cells includes fat molecules, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, carbon dioxide, oxygen and water.Tellingly, in inanimate nature, all these components together is nowhere to be found.
nucleic acids included in the chemical composition of cells, are the basis of ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids.DNA and RNA - the keepers of genetic (hereditary) data.
proteins ensure the existence of cells and, moreover, contribute to the performance of their functions.The share of the proteins accounts for half the dry weight of the cells.
These high molecular weight compounds composed of amino acids.Due to the physical and chemical bonds between amino acids proteins compactly arranged inside the cell.
primary structure of the protein looks like a thread.Subsequently (as synthesis) formed secondary (like a spiral) and then tertiary structure similar to the fibril (cord) or globule (the ball).When combining several molecules to each other or when they interact with non-proteinaceous molecules occurs quaternary education.Thus, for example, formed by a molecule of hemoglobin.It consists of globin (protein) and heme, a component of non-protein origin, containing iron.
In accordance with the purpose of biological proteins are divided into three categories.Enzymes belong to the first group.They are biological catalysts of chemical reactions.The second group consists of neurotransmitters, hormones, and other "specific" proteins.In a third group are structural molecules.They are required to update and restore the elements included in the chemical composition of cells.
membranes are composed of phospholipids (fatty molecules).Fats contribute to the conservation of heat, as heat insulator.Significantly their importance in the preparation of water.It was found that the burning of fat obtained kilogram kilograms and one hundred grams of water.Furthermore, these fat components included in the chemical composition of the cells is an indispensable energy source.
energy is generated and also carbohydrates, mainly glucose and its polymer - glycogen.However, it is worth noting that the energy value from fat six times more than that of glycogen.Thus it reserves in the muscles and liver thirty times smaller.
Water is also included in the chemical composition of cells.It is found that even in the enamel (the hardest tissue in the body) contains ten percent water.In most cells at a fraction of H2O accounts for seventy to eighty percent in bone cells, its twenty percent.
Water, as we know, the universal solvent.With the participation of H2O made thermotaxis.Also it occurs all cellular biochemical reaction.Water determines many physical properties.For example, the set elasticity, volume and other characteristics.In addition, water has been actively involved in the removal of toxic products, transport of nutrients, oxygen, and other things, it promotes metabolism.
In the process of energy transformation in cells supplied oxygen.It is a powerful natural oxidant.One of the end-products of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide.
