60 years of the twentieth century, became a crucial time for the environmental field: representatives of science was then realized that the environmental management - a necessary measure, without which our resources quickly to spend.
attention of the scientific world to the problem was caused by a rapidly growing industry that, although evidence of the rapid progress, to create comfortable living conditions, develop the economy, but at the same time it also is rapidly exhausting resources and contributed to a breach of ecosystems.
What is environmental management?
Under imply the use of environmental resources and environmental properties.They may be economic, environmental, recreational and cultural.Depending on the classification of the share and forms of wildlife health, cultural, environmental and economic, the latter of which it is the lead.These four forms, in turn, are divided into two, depending on the specific use: special and general.
Almost all of these forms of nature are subject to control by the state, and it is part of the environmental policy.
Environmental management - a system of interaction of mankind with nature, which is the systematic transformation of the environment, taking into account the use of resources that are not renewed, and the state control plays an important role here.
Authorities of trying to control nature by means of legislation: for example, the form of general nature does not imply a special permit.In this category falls the use of water and air.
But a special environmental management is carried out solely on the basis of a permit, which is issued by the responsible authorities to persons or entities.To include the special use of natural resources, land, forests and wildlife.
principles of nature
As renewable and non-renewable natural resources, with the active and unrestricted use may be exhausted, there is a need for the formulation of the principles of environmental management.
- Planning and forecasting.Environmental management involves a scientific approach to the analysis of the situation related to natural resources.To this end, the Commission organized to collect data and examine the status of resources, and on the basis of the data makes a report that is used to permit one of the control types: soft or hard.
- System approach.This principle involves a comprehensive assessment of how production affects the environment.The fact is that ecological systems are interconnected, and therefore when to focus resources in one area there is a risk to drain the other (for example, increasing fertility through active irrigation).
- Optimization.This principle is based on the fact that the conservation of resources is necessary to pay attention to the economic industry of the region.
- Complex use.According to this principle, the better construct industries in a given area with the possibility of using many resources.This is done in order to pollute less territory.
- introduction of ecological and economic systems.The meaning of this principle is to design and install systems that pollute less, and at the same time consume less resources.The most popular example - wind power.They have proliferated in Western Europe, but, nevertheless, they bring harm to humans because of the vibration, which is created during operation.Therefore, it is necessary to build them a few kilometers away from the settlements.
Thus, we can say that the observance of these principles, taking into account current environmental problems, can reduce the harm caused by man, only in part.
