means of labor has always played an important role in the evolution of mankind and in some ways as a criterion in its development.Not for nothing the cultural and historical periods associated and named according to the materials from which people create tools.Thus, cultural epochs are named as follows: the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age.In the early days of the development of mankind significantly stepped forward when he discovered that the stone can greatly facilitate the life and hunting.
primitive tools: the emergence and material
Prehistory of mankind is called the Stone Age, because at that time people still could not write, but have been able to create a weapon by which expanded the range and at the end of this period could be engageddomestication of animals.
first tools were made of stone, but sometimes used and the wood, bone and clay, performing the function of dishes.Adding materials occurred gradually, so you can not say that all of these materials have begun to use overnight.
stone tools for cutting are made of silicon and limestone shale.The basalt and sandstone were used as working tools (eg hand-mills).
count this period began when one thought of hominids take the stone and use it for domestic purposes, which occurred about 3 million. Years ago.From that moment began a new stage in the history and transformation of man into what it is today.Hominids learned to use stone for their own purposes, improving technologies, which in the 19th century and classified the stone age into 2 periods: the Neolithic and Paleolithic, and the latter, in turn, divided into several periods yet.
first means of work: technology
To obtain an elementary flake (thin, sharp-edged stone chip), it was necessary to make a series of sequential steps: find a suitable stone, place it if hit by which a certain angle and calculatepower, we would have a tool necessary form.This is a rather difficult task, and it is the more difficult the higher the specified requirements for the form.In archeology there is such a thing as a touch-up: it is a system of small chipped hammering, which used the ancient people.
Mastering the art, the disclosure of which fit in a couple of sentences, the ancient people took a very long time, and its perfection going from one era to another.
Means of labor of bone
during the late Paleolithic (about 45-10 thous. Years ago) was a man of the modern type, but some scientists believe that it originated much earlier, about 200 thousand. Years ago.This is the time associated with the introduction of the use of tools made of bone, tusks and horns.It turned out that they are slightly plastically stone and at the same time, harder than wood, and is therefore convenient.Then it became a real discovery and a harbinger of change in the lives of people who have learned to make darts, spears, long knives (which were lighter and more comfortable stone).
means of labor from the bones easier for people, the process of removing the skins from slaughtered animals, because it became possible to make the appropriate instruments and fine needles, which, according to archaeologists, are not inferior in its diameter and sharpness of modern metal.People have learned to make clothes from animal skins, instead of using yarns tendon.
tusk horns and doing special tools for digging dugouts and storerooms pits.Interestingly, at that time people did not just things practical purpose, but also jewelry that are also made of bone.
processing tools made of bone
to produce from conventional horns required product, people sometimes used the same technique as for the stone: shooting flakes and cut away, and then from a piece done the necessary thing.
However, much more use of new technologies: cutting, cutting and planing.People do not rest on our laurels and improved instruments of labor, polishing them to a high gloss.
During this period there was also a subject that has become a sign of a significant development - a silicon scraper consisting of different materials: stone, wood or stone and bone.The combinations were different, but it meant that people learned to create things with their hands, which helped him to survive and show an incredible ability to survive, and led eventually to the emergence of our civilization.
