Human culture is comparable, perhaps, with the boundless gray ocean.In its depths lurk countless treasures of thought, unique masterpieces of music and painting, architecture and cinema, science and technology, the great geographical discoveries, and so much more that has defined our spiritual appearance to date.Mankind in his lifetime knew many civilizations that left a significant imprint on the fate of the children, or sunk into oblivion without a trace.Every time nominate their heroes, their spiritual leaders, and has its own unique characteristics.
replaced Dark Ages comes an interesting era, which is called the New time.A culture of modern times has become a defining moment in the history of our ancestors and in many ways determined the current breakdown of events.
Problems periodization
The concept of "new age" is rather arbitrary and vague.After all, it includes not only the specific time-frame, but also a new level of thinking, a new view of the world, the expansion of cultural and intellectual space.Modern culture is based on the ideals of the Renaissance humanists.It belongs to them to share the idea of human history in the ancient, middle and new periods.As a point of reference as the basis of periodization undertook the principle of innovation in the cultural sphere, not just in the socio-economic.I explain this approach is quite simple: after the revelry of the Inquisition, the persecution of the science, the dominance of the Church in all spheres of public and private life revival with his progressive views and the first shoots of democracy, the ideal of a harmonious human surge of scientific thought, the discovery and development of new lands perceived educatedpeople as a life-giving breath of fresh air.And the culture of modern times fully comply with this ideology.But not all countries existed at the time, were at the same level of cultural and economic development, not all nations were equally civilized.And in Western Europe itself, along with the statement of humanism and the Enlightenment, the Reformation, and sometimes discarded in the past decade on the stake, show trials of witches, etc.In Russia, serfdom flourished.Notre Dame de Paris in France, as well as the immortal novel by Victor Hugo, has become one of the characters is very significant, this time to reflect on the one hand, high achievement, the flight of creative thought and spirit, and with another - his fear of the unknown, the unknown andslavish traits soul.Nevertheless, the era of the new era proved: that Europe, with its onset is not only political, but also the spiritual center of the world and distributes its intellectual, political and technical impact on other countries and peoples.European civilization has become the most developed and powerful at the time.
In scientific circles there is no consensus on the question of periodization.
- Some historians suggest the beginning of the era of the English revolution to take 1640 year when the people and the bourgeoisie under the leadership of Cromwell encroached not only power, but also the life of the monarch, the king's execution of Charles Stewart.
- According to other eras and cultures meet more modern times such a point of reference, as the Reformation in 1517, the year and the activities of Luther.
- third group of scientists called dominant as the date of discovery of America, the Ottoman capture of Constantinople, capital of Byzantine Empire, the French Revolution in 1789, the year.
- The end of time and the advent of the new contemporary history of Western historiography called the end of the First World War, and in the Soviet science was considered the seventeenth year, and the uprising of the Bolsheviks.
New Era - a new culture
The grandeur of the era of the New Age are fully reflected in its artistic culture.In addition to the political division of the world, wars and revolutions, artistic culture of modern times encompassed new trends that have come into the European consciousness of a close acquaintance with the life of the African continent and India with its original philosophy, the discovery of America and the way of life, culture, mythology, art, its indigenouspeople, close contact with the East and the Muslim religion.
Art in New Times is not perceived as a fun respite from labors (mental and physical) as well as the most important form of creative activity.Tense search of the area led to the creation of world art such styles as magnificent baroque with its foreign dramatic and stylized antiquity, strict classicism with his usual glorification of reason and judgment, sentimentalism, glorifying superiority of the heart, feelings of rationality, realism withclose attention to the human soul, its search and methane, ups and downs, and finally, the so-called decadent flow.
very nature of the epoch, dynamic and dramatic, it has spawned a variety of styles and trends that are not simply replaced each other, but coexisted and even fought as within the work of one master, and within as much as art schools.The main thing is that in the middle of it all was a man, a person.Through it, as through a prism, the study was conducted Time and display it in the architecture, sculpture, painting, etc.And all the cultural and artistic trends of the era reflected the people's struggle for social justice and spirituality worthy of their existence in a free society.
