unemployment - a phenomenon that attracts the attention of politicians, economists and sociologists.It is - a very important indicator invested in society and the higher the unemployment rate, the worse the economic and social state of the country.People who are unable to find a job, called the unemployed, and statistical summaries of the number of members of the community define its level, which is calculated from the number of able-bodied people.
Unemployment and its types: voluntary and involuntary
There are many kinds, types and forms of unemployment, and the first two basic types - voluntary and involuntary.
In the first case, a man he refused to work.This is facilitated by different causes: low wages, lack of motivation to work or skills.Voluntary unemployment rate increases during economic instability.
expectations Unemployment occurs when a person wants to work, salary level suits him, but he could not find a vacant seat.
Unemployment and its types: register and marginal
Registered unemployment - the number of people who do not work, but put on the account in a formal institution and are in a queue waiting vacancy.
marginal - the number of unemployed people who are in the category of vulnerable people.These include women, youth and persons with disabilities, as well as representatives from the lowest social stratum.
Unemployment and its types: unstable and structural
first type of unemployment is dismissal, which is caused by temporary factors: for example, seasonal work or voluntary transfer to another service.
Structural unemployment occurs when the qualifications of potential employees do not meet the new requirements and standards.This happens when a country undergoes economic rebuilding, as it was in Russia in the 90s: the market trades sharply started renewed unknown until professions, but society was not ready to make a dramatic educational shift, which led to mass unemployment and attract foreignexperts on the Russian labor market.
Unemployment and its types: institutional, friction and hidden
Institutional unemployment occurs when the state limits the rates at a time when they could have formed naturally.
Frictional unemployment - a normal phenomenon in a country with economic stability: for example, it means a temporary worker find a more attractive workplace for him.
Hidden unemployment - this kind, which involves concealing their unemployed situation of society.
Unemployment and its types
Some types of unemployment are divided into types.Involuntary unemployment is divided into three types:
- cyclical. If a country systematically going recession and the resumption of some industries, then this will develop cyclical unemployment.
- season. Some industries are activated seasonal: for example, the agricultural area has many branches, and one of the works required in it - working the land, only in the warm season (spring, summer, autumn).
- Technology. It is related to the fact that some professions will eventually become irrelevant due to the replacement of human labor technique.
Hidden unemployment is of two types:
- formal. Occurs when production ceases in part: people formally listed in the state enterprises, but does not actually work.
- informal. this category persons who do not register their unemployed status.
Unemployment and its forms
There are two forms of unemployment, depending on number of people:
- Mass. It occurs when the country is experiencing an economic downturn: mass closure of large enterprises, the lack of money in the budget to pay salaries and other. Especially massive unemployment manifests itself in small towns where a large company closes, which contributed to the employment of the majority of inhabitants of this settlement.
- part. arises when the demand for the company's products for any reason falls.
Thus, unemployment - is a clear indicator of social and economic condition of the country, it can occur for many reasons, and have a variety of shapes and types.
