Subcontinent Hindustan cut off from the rest of the world from almost all sides.In the north it is limited to the Pamirs and the Himalayas, in the south - the ocean, the north-east - impassable swamps, tropical forests and highlands.
India in the Middle Ages was assimilated by people who came from the northwest, through located in the territory of modern Afghanistan, the mountain passes.The subcontinent geographically divided quite clearly on the plateau Deccan (South) and the Indo-Gangetic Plain (North).
Ancient India was famous for its developed agriculture.Particularly suitable for this type of activity was the valley of the Ganges and Indus.It should be noted that the relationship between river basins, and Dean was very difficult.However, Punjab is relatively constant gate through which strangers got into the valley.Climate subcontinent allows you to collect two fairly rich harvest for the year.However, in case the part of the territory of hurricanes, floods, droughts.These disasters dooms people to famine.
Ancient India was inhabited by tribes Australoid race.These people lived in the territory of the former Indochina to southern Iran.On the subcontinent, also lived Caucasians.They mingled with the natives, to assimilate them into the ethnic and cultural terms.
approximately 7-5 century BC.e.Ancient India in the northwest tribal Dravidians were occupied.Languages of the peoples included in the Nostratic macrofamily (along with the Indo-European and other languages).By the second millennium BC.e.India is inhabited by an ancient Indo-European - Indo-Aryans.These peoples to the 1st century BC.e.It became the main population of the northern territories.Dravidoyazychnye nation shifted to the south under the pressure of the Aryans and therefore self-resettlement, assimilating most of the natives.
From the 7th century BC.e.in the valleys of the rivers Saraswati and the Indus began the development of the productive economy.By the 3rd century Dravidian created in these areas first civilization.In science, it became known as the Harappan or India.Civilization was introduced urban settlements that were surrounded by walls of brick tiled.The largest of them were Mohenjodaro and Harappa (modern name).
Angeles, regardless of their size, different regular two-part plan: on an artificial elevation of the citadel was separated from the rest of the special settlement battlements.This layout shows a sufficiently high level of social development and the transition to an early form of statehood.In settlements carried division into rectangular blocks, which were very crowded.For example, in Moenjodaro lived the order of several tens of thousands of people.Different quarters (for the time) very high level of accomplishment - the most advanced sewer and water systems.
Dravidians were performed and monumental construction.In particular, they built huge reservoirs, which were intended for ship and parking were provided with locks.
population to use syllabic writing.On the territory of ancient India was well-developed bronze metallurgy.Archaeologists have discovered a wide variety of seals.This indicates that the early development of private property.Of particular importance in the formation of Indian civilization was foreign trade, land and sea.
religion of ancient India, values, mentality crystallized by the middle of the 1st century BC.e.Civilization combines the corporate-collectivist and individual hedonistic beginning.In other words, the meaning of human existence is in his happiness and independence of the individual, which, in turn, could not be achieved outside of society.
