By the end of the VIII century X in the cultural development of Western classicism became the dominant artistic trend.This style refers to the heritage of ancient times, taking it for the perfect pattern and rate.Classicism in literature is inextricably linked with the activities of the French poet Francois Malherbe.He initiated reforms of verse and language, thanks to him, certain entrenched in the literature poetic canons.
Classicism - a style that prevailed in the art of X VIII-X I X centuries.This direction is based on the ideas of rationalism, is committed to the elevation of the moral and heroic ideals.
Classicism in literature divides the main genres into two types: high and low.The former include works that tell about prominent people and events.These genres include an ode, tragedy and heroic song.As the protagonists here are the politicians, famous artists, historical characters and kings - the people, which they say majestic, solemn language.Low genres describe the private life of the bourgeoisie, the so-called Third Estate.They accepted to comedy, fable, satire and other works written in a conversational style.
Classicism in literature in the first place puts the genre of tragedy.That he is able to expose the most important moral issues.Social conflicts are reflected in the minds of the protagonists set out to choose between personal interests, passions and moral duty.Reason is opposed to the senses.
Between classicism in the works of Jean La Fontaine, N. Boileau and Jean-BaptisteMoliere high development reach a fable, satire and comedy.These works, solving important philosophical and moral problems of modern society, cease to be "low" genre and acquire certain dramatic significance.
In the age of classicism created a huge number of prose works.Works B. Pascal, M. Lafayette, Jean La Bruyere and other writers of this period are different typed of passion, analytical outlook, clarity and precision of style.
Classicism in the literature reflect the main trends of urban poetry.In his works, the writers wanted to convey to the reader the importance of the performance of their duties to the people of the society, the need to educate human-citizen.
can list the main features of classicism:
- images and forms taken from the works of ancient art;
- division of heroes on the positive and negative;
- the plot of the classic - a love triangle;
- in the final triumph of good and evil is punished;
- the principle of the three unities: the place, time and action.
Traditionally, the basis of the plot of the classic works of the authors took a certain historical event.The protagonist of the work - a virtuous person, which are alien to any defects.Classical works were imbued with the ideas of rationalism and service to the state.
In Russia, this trend was first reflected in the writings of Mikhail Lomonosov, and then was developed by A. Kantemir, V. Trediakovsky and other educators.Subjects tragedies based on national historical events (A. Sumarokov, Nikolaev, J. Knyazhnin), but in their present style of lyricism and "horn" of the main characters.Main actors directly and boldly express the ideas of the author.We can say that classicism in Russian literature has become a means of satirical rebuke pathos citizenship.
After the publication of articles V. Belinsky in academia and criticism to a negative attitude towards this direction.Only in the Soviet period, it was able to return to this style to its former significance and importance.
