Ivan the Terrible - the first Russian Tsar, who in 1547 was officially crowned to reign.
In Moscow Prince Vasily III and Elena Glinsky in August 1530 was born the long-awaited son - the heir of John.When Ivan was 3 years old, his father died, and was brought up by his mother, who in 1538 also died when he was 8 years incomplete.Ivan grew up surrounded by the struggle for power boyars, who feuded with each other, surrounded by palace coups.
violence, murder, intrigue made him suspicious, vindictive and cruel.Even when he was a child, he had dreamed of absolute power.And when Ivan came of age in 1545, he became the ruler of Russia.In 1547, January 16, at the Moscow Kremlin Assumption Cathedral was his coronation.The title "King" in translation means "emperor."
During his reign, the first Russian Tsar Ivan IV had many reforms: rural, church, court, clerks, military.He has carried out many useful innovations for the state amounted to orders - common management bodies.During his reign, made of Law - Charter of Russian laws.The first Russian Tsar in the internal politics very strengthened state.Expand the boundaries of Russia, won the Khanate of Kazan (1547-1552) and Astrakhan (1556), I began to penetrate Siberia.On the international arena Russia's position quite hardened.
In connection with the expansion of the territory of the Moscow State and the creation of mandative system, increased trade and economic relations between the regions.With the center of the north carried the bread, and then - salt, furs, fish.During the reign of Ivan IV began trading with Western Europe through Novgorod and Smolensk.It became a regular trade with England.Through the White and Barents Sea opened the way from Britain to Russia.Founded the English trading house in Moscow, and in 1584 the port of Arkhangelsk on the shore of the Dvina mouth.
But prosperity was short-lived kingdom.Livonian War (1558-1583) brought a setback for Russia.In 1565 the first Russian Tsar Ivan IV oprichnina created, and it then became known as Ivan the Terrible.Terror, he wanted to assert their authority.And he does not even spare his son this anger.Oprichinniki in 1569 plundered many Russian cities under the leadership of Ivan the Terrible.
first Russian Tsar - Ivan the Terrible - one of the most educated people, he had a phenomenal memory, was a scholar in theology.He was the author of many messages.Written text and music to the service for the feast of Our Lady of Vladimir, and the canon of Archangel Michael.The organization knigopechatiya played a very important role.In Moscow on Red Square was realized the construction of St. Basil's Cathedral, the first king - Ivan - was the initiator of its construction.
activities of Ivan the Terrible had diverse characteristics in Russian history, because the pre-revolutionary historians describe him negatively, as the Soviet underlined its positive side during the reign.But in the twentieth century, in the second half, historians began to study in depth the internal and external policies of Ivan the Terrible.
