Ivan Pavlov - Nobel Prize winner and recognized worldwide scientific authority.Being a talented scientist, he made a significant contribution to the development of psychology and physiology.That he is considered the founder of this scientific field, as the higher nervous activity.I made a number of major discoveries in the field of regulation of digestion, and founded the Russian physiological school.
Parents
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov biography begins in 1849.It was then that the future academician was born in the city of Ryazan.His father, Peter D., came from a peasant family and worked as a priest in one of the smallest parishes.Independent and truthful, he is constantly at odds with his superiors, so he lived a wealthy life.Peter D. loved life, had good health and love working in the garden and the garden.
Varvara Ivanovna, Ivan's mother, came from a spiritual family.At a young age she was cheerful, fun and healthy.But frequent childbirth (in the family had 10 children) greatly undermined her health.Varvara Ivanovna had no education, but diligence and natural wit made her a skillful governess own children.
Childhood
future academician Ivan Pavlov was the first-born in the family.Early years left an indelible mark on his memory.In later years, he recalled: "I very clearly remember my first visit to the house.The amazing thing is that I was only a year, and the nurse was carrying me in her arms.Because I can remember early, and says another vivid memory.When the mother's brother was buried, I was carried on the hands to say goodbye to him.This scene still stands in front of me. "
Ivan grew up cheerful and healthy.He willingly played with her sisters and a younger brother.Also helped his mother (home affairs) and father (in the construction of the house and in the garden).His sister, LP Andreeva told about this period of life as follows: "John always remembered with gratitude the pope.He was able to instill in him the habit of work, accuracy, precision and order in everything.Our mothers were tenants.Being a great toiler, she tried to do everything herself.But all the children adored her and tried to help: bring water, heat up the oven, chop wood.All of these had to do little to Ivan. "
School and injury
he began to learn to read and write since 8 years, but the school was only 11. All the fault of the case: one day the boy laid out to dry apples on the platform.Stumble, he fell from a ladder and fell directly on the stone floor.Bruising was quite strong, and Ivan fell ill.The boy turned pale, lost weight, lost his appetite and began to sleep badly.The parents tried to cure it at home, but nothing helped.Once, on a visit to Pavlov came to the abbot of Holy Trinity Monastery.Seeing sickly boy, he took him to himself.Strengthened food, clean air and regular gymnastics back Ivan strength and health.Guardian appeared intelligent, kind and highly educated man.He led an ascetic way of life and a lot of reading.These qualities have made a strong impression on the boy.The first book that Academician Pavlov was a young man from the abbot, became fables Ivan Krylov.The boy learned it by heart, and carried the love of fabulist through life.This book has always been on the desk of the scientist.
seminary
In 1864, under the influence of a guardian Ivan entered the seminary.There, he immediately became a top student, and even helped his comrades as a tutor.Years of training acquainted with the works of Ivan the Russian thinkers as DI Pisarev, NA Dob, Belinsky, Herzen, Chernyshevsky, and so on. D. The young man liked their desire to fightfor freedom and progressive social change.But over time, his interests shifted to science.Here a huge impact on the formation of research monograph Pavlov had Sechenov "Reflexes of the Brain."After graduating from the sixth grade seminary boy he realized he did not want to do spiritual career and began preparing for university entrance exams.
Studies at the University of
In 1870 Pavlov moved to St. Petersburg with a desire to enter the Physics and Mathematics Department.But go turned to law.The reason for this - the restriction of seminarians in the choice of professions.Ivan sent a petition to the rector, and two weeks later he was transferred to the Physics and Mathematics Department.The young man went very successfully and received the highest scholarship (imperial).
Eventually Ivan increasingly fond of physiology and the third year is completely devoted himself to this science.The final choice he made under the influence of Professor Tsion - a talented scientist, a brilliant lecturer and a skilled experimenter.Here's how to recall that period of his biography of Academician Pavlov himself: "As the main profession I chose the physiology of animals, and added - chemistry.While a huge impression at all made a Ilya Fadeevich.We were struck by his masterful simple statement on a complex physiological issues and entertainment during the experiments.The teacher I will remember all my life. "
research activities
first research Pavlov dated 1873 year.Then, under the direction of F. Ivan Ovsyannikov investigated the nerves in the lungs of a frog.In the same year, together with a classmate, he wrote his first scientific work.The head, of course, was Tsion.In this work, the students examined the effects of laryngeal nerves in the blood circulation.At the end of 1874 the results were discussed at a meeting of the Society of Naturalists.Pavlov regularly attended these meetings and communicated with Tarkhanov, Ovsyannikov and Sechenov.
Soon students Mikhail Afanasiev and Pavlov began studying the nerves of the pancreas.University Council awarded this work the gold medal.However, Ivan spent a lot of time to study and passed the final exams, having lost the scholarship.This forced him to remain at the university for another year.In 1875 he graduated from his brilliantly.He was only 26 (photo by Ivan Petrovich Pavlov at this age, unfortunately, did not survive), and the future was seen very promising.
circulatory physiology
In 1876, a young man got an assistant to Professor KN Ustimovich, head of the laboratory at the Medico-Surgical Academy.In the next two years, Ivan has held a number of studies on the physiology of circulation.Proceedings Pavlov praised Professor SP Botkin and invited him to come to the clinic.Formally, Ivan was appointed laboratory, but in fact has become the head of the laboratory.Despite the poor accommodation, lack of equipment and meager funding, Pavlov has achieved significant results in the study of the physiology of digestion and circulation.In scientific circles, his name is becoming better known.
First Love
In the late seventies, he met Serafima Karchevsky - student pedagogical department.Young united by similarity of views, common interests, commitment to the ideals of serving society and the struggle for progress.In general, they loved each other.A Save photo Ivan Petrovich Pavlov and Seraphim Vasilevny Karchevsky shows that they were very beautiful couple.That support has allowed the couple to reach a young man of success in the scientific field.
finding a new job
For 12 years of work in the clinic Botkin Biography of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov enriched set of events of a scientific nature, and he became a well-known both at home and abroad.Improving working and living conditions of the talented scientist has become a necessity not only for the sake of his personal interests, but also for the development of Russian science.
But in the days of tsarist Russia to achieve any changes in a simple, honest, democratic-minded, impractical, shy and unsophisticated man, and what was Pavlov, was extremely difficult.In addition, the complicated life of a scientist prominent psychologists with whom Ivan Petrovich, while still young, came into sharp public debate and often came out the winner.So, thanks to negative feedback professor Tarkhanov about the work of Pavlov's last circulation is not awarded the prize.
Ivan could not find a good laboratory to continue his research.In 1887 he addressed the letter to the Minister of Education, requesting a place in the department of a pilot university.Then he sent several letters to various institutions and was rejected from everywhere.But soon the luck scientist.
Nobel Prize
In April 1890 Pavlov was elected a professor of pharmacology at once in two universities of Warsaw and Tomsk.And in 1891 he was invited to organize the Department of Physiology at the newly opened University of Experimental Medicine.Pavlov led him to the end of his days.It was here that he performed several classic papers on the physiology of the digestive glands, which were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904.All the scientific community remembers speech that Academician Pavlov said "On the Russian mind" at the ceremony.It should be noted that this was the first prize, awarded for experiments in the field of medicine.
relations with the Soviet government
Despite hunger and devastation in the days of Soviet power, Lenin issued a special decree in which appreciates the work of Pavlov that testified to the exceptionally warm and caring attitude of the Bolsheviks.As soon as possible academician and his staff have created the most favorable conditions for scientific work.Laboratory Ivan Petrovich reorganized in Physiological Institute.And on the 80th anniversary of academician opened at Leningrad Institute of Science-town.
realize many dreams that have long nurtured Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov.Proceedings professors regularly published.At its institutions appeared clinic mental and nervous diseases.In all led their scientific institutions received new equipment.The tenfold increase in the number of employees.Besides the budget, the scientist received a monthly amount to be spent at their discretion.
Ivan was thrilled and touched so attentive and warm attitude of the Bolsheviks to his scientific work.After all, under the tsarist regime, he is constantly in need of money.And now an academician even worried about whether he can justify the trust and caring government.He often spoke about this in his surroundings, and the public.
Death
Academician Pavlov died on the 87th year of life.Nothing foretold the death of the scientist, because Ivan had excellent health and rarely was ill.True, he was prone to colds and suffered from pneumonia several times.Pneumonia and was the cause of death.February 27, 1936 the scientist left this world.
entire Soviet people mourned when he died Academician Pavlov (the description of the death of Ivan Petrovich immediately appeared in the newspapers).He died a great man and a great scholar, who made a great contribution to the development of physiological science.Ivan Petrovich was buried at the Volkov cemetery, near the graves of Mendeleev.
