great proletarian cultural revolution - it is a social experiment, launched in 1966 under the chairmanship of the CPC Mao Zedong, aimed to ensure that again "ignite" the revolutionary spirit and purge the party of "bourgeois elements".
Origins of the Cultural Revolution can be traced since the mid-1950s, when Mao attended to seriously challenge the fact that the country is moving away from socialism and is on the way, "the restoration of capitalism."He views the struggle between the proletarian and bourgeois ideology adopted new, insidious form, after having been eliminated the capitalist class.
Mao came to the conclusion that the source of China's political recourse lies in a false and selfish view of many of his political colleagues that under socialism, the class struggle has ceased.In his view, government officials have become the "new class", distant from the masses and intellectuals were "receptacle" bourgeois, even feudal values.
However, the Cultural Revolution in China was also a power struggle, in which the future Great Helmsman, getting rid of political rivals, tried to regain credibility, which he lost as a result of failures in the policy of the Great Leap Forward.
Mao It was seen as a tool to create a new "generation of revolutionary successors" - those who led to the victory of the Communist Party.
As soon as those who were believed to have led China back to capitalism, were removed from power at all levels of society, a process unit of the socialist institutions, "the germs of communism."Elitism in education replaces the update that politicized curriculum based on ideological correctness and political activity.
China has a long tradition of "inshe" (shadow destruction), through which writers used allegory to criticize dignitaries.In fact, the cultural revolution in China began with suspicion "inshe" in relation to the historical drama "Dismissal of Hai Jui," written by historian have Ghanem, which saw an allusion to the fate of Marshal Peng Dehuai, who was dismissed after criticizing its policy of Great Leap Forward.
In fact, it was absurd, but Mao treated the product with suspicious seriously, especially since by that time the party began to form factions dissatisfied with the policy of Mao Zedong.It was ordered to the newspapers strongly blackened the name of the author, who was then taken into custody, where he died after constant beatings.Wu Han was one of the first victims of the Cultural Revolution.In 1979, after the death of Mao, he was posthumously rehabilitated.
After Wu Han radical Maoists are rapidly cleared from the other "right" institutions of culture, and the theater has become a major platform for the "Gang of Four", Jiang Qing fraction (Minister of Culture and wife of Mao) to attack their political opponents.
«Gang of Four" (Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, Wang Hongwen groups close "intellectuals" to manage all: film studios, opera, theater companies, radio stations. With the rental have been removed all the old movies. Only revolution in China and the associatedwith her eight themes were portrayed in movies, theatrical plays. Even children's puppet theaters have been closed under the pretext of counter-revolutionary nature. Artists, writers, artists, imprisoned or exiled. Troupes Peking Opera were disbanded, as it falls under the category of "foursurvivals. "Red Guards burned old books, destroying architectural monuments torn ancient scrolls, broke the artistic ceramics. The weight of cultural values has been lost forever.
Cultural Revolution in China, which has a complex and intricate story can be divided into three mainphase: massive, military and succession.
Bulk phase (1966-1969) - the most destructive, when China was in the grip of "Red Guards" (Red Guard) troops, created more than 20 million students in secondary schools and students.They responded to the call of Mao's "make a revolution", showing incredible diligence in search of "class enemies" wherever they were hiding.At this stage most of Mao's political rivals in the higher echelons of power was overthrown, including Chinese President Liu Shaoqi.
Military phase (1969-1971) began after the People's Liberation Army has achieved a dominant position in Chinese politics, stifling, with the approval of Mao's Red Guards anarchy.It ended with the alleged coup attempt in September 1971 disgruntled heir to Mao, Defense Minister Lin Biao.
phase of succession (1972-1976) - an intensive political and ideological "tug of war" between radical ideology and old frames, decides to terminate or continue the policies of the Cultural Revolution.The conflict is a complex struggle, during which the country has consistently ruled the two main leaders of the CCP - Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou Enlai.Decisive die was cast when in October 1976, were arrested members of the "Gang of Four" (a month after the death of Chairman Mao), a coalition of moderate leaders.The Cultural Revolution in China, is believed to be ended in the arrest of the "Gang of Four".
