Today, the economy is obviously traced two trends: the strengthening of the world economy, its systematic globalization and economic rapprochement between countries at the regional level.
Economic integration - an association of countries at political and economic level through the establishment and development of international relationships and the division of labor economies of individual countries.This interaction begins with the cooperation of the enterprises of neighboring countries (for example, through the establishment of subsidiaries abroad).At the macro level integration takes place in the form of the creation of economic associations of different countries through harmonization of national policies.
Economic integration of micro- and macro-level requires state regulation, and in some cases - and supranational.The purpose of this regulation is to ensure the free movement of goods, financial capital and labor (the labor force) among different countries;a joint economic, financial, monetary, social, scientific, technical, defense and foreign policy.As a result, provide a comprehensive shopping complexes with a single infrastructure, monetary system, common funds and financial control bodies of the interstate.
economic integration among developing under the influence of a combination of many factors.Among the most significant are the following: the globalization of economies, the development of scientific and technological progress, the division of labor at the international level, the openness of national economies.All these factors are interrelated and interdependent.
most rapid economic integration takes place at the regional level.Therefore, today the main trend of globalization of economy is the formation around certain areas of integration and megablocks.Examples include the United States in the territory of the Americas, Japan, in alliance with the United States - in the Pacific region, the most developed countries of the West.
Economic integration makes to national economies increase their demand openness.This involves them more deeply involved in the system of international relations, easing restrictions on the movement of goods, labor and capital between the two countries, the convertibility of their currencies.
What forms of economic integration exist?The simplest form of a free trade zone, which removed restrictions between the parties (countries).In relations with third countries must be undertaken on an independent policy.With this form the EU began today at this stage of development is a Latin American region.
following form - a customs union, which, along with the free trade area requires the establishment of a common tariff for trade and a common foreign policy in relation to non-EU countries.Often, a customs union is supplemented by payments to facilitate the convertibility of currencies and the single currency circulation.
more complex form - a common market, which ensures the elimination of obstacles to the movement of production factors and the coordination of economic policies in order to align the performance of countries.In this form of integration are common (supranational) governments and formed a single economic, information and legal space.
At a higher level of economic form (common economic policy) and foreign exchange (co-circulation of national currencies, fixed rates, then the creation of a single currency and a bank) unions.These forms are specific to the countries of Western Europe.
latter form - full economic integration, in which unified legal framework, set common standards, labor laws, etc.
