International migration of population - a population movement across borders.Citizens entering the country are called immigrants traveling outside the state - immigrants.
Migration is classified into several types.
Thus, the movement of the population of border crossings may be permanent (timeless) character.In this case, the citizens move to permanent residence in the host country.
There is migration time-constant.Staying in the country in this case, as a rule, limited to the period of the year to six years (in connection with professional, family, age and sex characteristic of entering, but also because of the continuing dependence on the state of departure).Such migrants in international statistics are called "temporary workers on contract", "long-term immigrants and exiles" or "permanent migrant workers."
Short entry (within one year) is called seasonal.As a rule, in this case the workers enter the country for work in economic sectors that are seasonal in nature (eg, services, agriculture).
seasonal variation of movement of citizens is nomadism.This migration is common, mainly in the Middle East, West Africa.As a kind of seasonal movement, there is a pilgrimage to the holy places.
Commuting population (border, shuttle) - this is usually every day (in rare cases, weekly) movement of population across the border and back.Citizens arriving since the country to work, it is "working" frontalerami. "This kind of migration has become quite common in North America and Western Europe. For example, tens of thousands of people cross the border daily US and Canada.
deserve specialattention to this kind of migration is illegal. Clandestine citizens enter other countries in search of work. For example, the US border from Mexico each year becomes more than a million people. Illegal migrants are called and those who entered the country legally (as tourists orinvitation), but later he got illegally to work in the host country.
number of clandestine migrants has increased significantly since the 1970s. Similarly, to determine their number is almost impossible. For example, in the US the number of clandestine immigrants in the range of two to fifteen million, in Europe -from 1.3 to 5 million in Japan - from three hundred thousand to a million people.
reasons for migration in such cases are associated with the political, environmental and economic conditions.Mostly, clandestine migrants are quite deprived and cheap labor for entrepreneurs.
Forced border crossing is also associated with environmental and political situation in the country of departure.Such movement of the population became apparent in 1980-90-ies.During this period migration of citizens is extensive.This, in turn, has caused a lot of problems.Displacement has become global in nature and then affected many countries.So, according to statistics, about 87% of the refugees settled in the developing countries.By the 90 th year of sharply increased the number of internally displaced persons who have entered in the economically developed countries and the remaining short-term visas to asylum.
special kind of migration of citizens is the episodic movement of population.Tied border crossing in this case only with the international tourism or other trips abroad.
