loan is a form of movement of loan capital, or money.Forms and types of credit are closely linked to its structure and substance.
Whatever the changing relationship between the borrower and the lender lent relative value, displaying the contents of the loan as an economic category as a whole is its shape.
types and forms of credit have come a long historical path of development, ranging from usurious loans to modern bank credit.
Industrial Relations, folding each other when transferring the temporary use of the cost of economic entities, state organizations or individual citizens on terms of repayment, expressed through a loan.No matter what the forms and types of credit, they must reflect the essence of the loan.Credit has become an integral part of economic development.
basic forms and types of credit
form of commodities used in cases such as rental items, the sale of goods in the installment payment, rental property, including the leasing of equipment.And lent money in these credit transactions must be provided in the form and return values of commodities.
monetary form - the most typical and prevalent in today's economy.The loan must be returned as cash to the transaction has a corresponding shape.
mixed form is more commonly used in developing countries where they are for cash loans are calculated periodically supply of goods, for example, raw materials and agricultural products.
distinguish the form of loans also target the needs of the borrower.Basically it is a productive and consumer.
latter is used for the purposes of circulation and production.
Consumers form, unlike the productive population uses for consumption.Because the expense of consumer credit does not create new value, in addition to its individual citizens and businesses can get to "eat up" created value.
There are also forms of credit, depending on who acts as lender.
Bank credit
This form is based on the use of a money-capital, and the bank:
- operates tend to attract more resources than its capital;
- lends idle capital;
- lends money as capital.
Bank loan issue for the lending rate, which is determined on the basis of mutual benefit of the credit relationship, and fix it in the contract of lending.
Commercial credit
its outstanding during registration bargain in the form of commodities and draw up a bill of exchange, promissory note, which is paid through a commercial bank.Currently, a bill functions often performs a standard contract.Commercial credit is fundamentally different from the bank:
- acts as a lender is not a specialized bank financial institution, and any entity connected with the production or sale of goods and services;
- available in the form of commodities;
- fee for the loan when you make a transaction is included in the price of goods, etc.
forms and types of loan differ detailing its performance on organizational and economic characteristics, which is inherent in the loan types.In Russia, they are classified on the basis of the following indicators:
- the stage of reproduction, to service the loans, for example, loans for new means of production;
- objects of lending, such as for the purchase of various goods;
- sectoral focus:
- agriculture;
- industrial loans;
- trade credit.
- its security:
- in nature - with direct and indirect provision;
- degree of security - without security, with adequate (complete) and deficient (incomplete) software.
- lending urgency:
- term;
- medium;
- short-term;
- loans and others.
many forms and types of credit you can use it as the large enterprises and small industrial and commercial structures, state and individual citizens.
