In 1945, after the end of World War II, Korea was divided into two zones of occupation - the Soviet and American.It was assumed that with time, these territories are united under one government.But this was not possible, even by force of arms ...
Causes of conflict
According to the agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union in each of the parts of Korea were formed interim government.Military units of both countries have been withdrawn from the peninsula to the south in 1949, elections were held, with the support of the UN, the results of which came to power right-wing forces.In the north of the Soviet administration has transferred control of the country left the government.
Every year the situation on the peninsula escalated more: both governments were systematically to the conflict that will go down in history as the Korean War.The reasons were obvious: the Communists in the North, and the right-wing forces in the south did not want to give each other power.The constitutions of both parts of Korea clearly indicates that the government's goal is to spread the authority throughout the peninsula.The North Korean government has appealed for help to Stalin, calling to introduce Soviet troops into Korea.But the Soviet leader was in no hurry to go to meet, suggesting that part of the USSR in the conflict will lead to the intervention of the United States, and eventually to nuclear war.However, this did not mean that the North Korean government has not received Soviet military aid.
By the beginning of 1950 with the support of the Soviet Union North Korea and China managed to increase their military power.The Soviet government agreed to take part of the Soviet troops in the war against South Korea.Resolve and allies adds that American leadership in January 1950 outlined the scope of their interests in the Pacific.From the statement made by the US Secretary of State Dean Acheson, followed that of Korea in the area of American interests is not included, which means that Americans in the coming clash is unlikely to intervene.
conflict begins
June 25, 1950 135,000th army of North Korea crossed the border with its southern neighbors.Since the Korean War.The South Korean army was numerically higher (150 thousand soldiers), but inferior armament: in contrast to the North Koreans, their opponents almost did not have armored vehicles and aircraft.June 28 North Korean army captured Seoul, South Korea.But calculations on lightning war did not materialize.The South Korean government managed to escape, and the population, which is calculated on the rebellion Communists, do not rush to support them.Despite this, in mid-August, the North Korean army occupied most of the territory of South Korea.
the Korean War was for the US administration as a complete surprise.A week before the start of the conflict already known Dean Acheson confidently reported to Congress that the war is unlikely to start.Now, the Americans had to urgently implement measures.The commander of US forces in Japan Douglas MacArthur was ordered to provide the South Korean military ammunition and weapons.The Korean War forced the Americans to work and on the diplomatic front.Already June 25, 1950 the UN Security Council adopted a resolution on this issue.As a result, the aid South Korea came not only Americans, but also the forces of other Western powers, who fought under the auspices of the UN.
Despite such support, beginning the Korean War did not bring the success of South Korea and UN forces.Only by August 20 they were able to stop the advance of the enemy.In mid-September, the South Koreans and the UN troops launched a counteroffensive.Now, on their arms, and had aircraft, and mortars, and several hundred tanks.North Korean troops were not able to resist them and began to retreat.Soon, the capital of North Korea Pyongyang in the hands of the Allies.It seemed that the war is about to end.
From conflict to negotiate
But to help the North Korean army is almost defeated, came to China and the Soviet Union.270,000th Chinese army, which officially considered People's Volunteers, crossed the border on 25 October.Soviet Union provided air support aircraft MiG-15.Chinese troops began to push aside the UN forces in the south.January 4, 1951 Seoul was already in the hands of the armies of North Korea and China.But the North Koreans to consolidate its success and failed.
the middle of the 1951 war, they say, "hang."Both sides lost a huge number of soldiers, but significant progress has not reached.In July of 1951 opponents to the negotiating table.But even during the debate did not stop fighting.Events, hastening the end of the Korean War, was the death of Stalin in March 1953 After that Politburo members were in favor of ending the conflict.The process of return of prisoners and the development of a peace treaty.July 27, 1953 ceasefire agreement was signed.However, the representatives of South Korea refused to sign it, and the UN has put his signature to a commander of the US forces, General Clark.The border went where on the map takes place 38th parallel.But the agreement, the final war, the parties have not concluded until now.
