state peasants - this is a special class that emerged in Russia in the 18th century.It joined three categories of the free population of the village.The first is chernososhnye peasants.They were resettled in the "black lands of the sovereign."The second category was "economic" peasants.These people inhabited the monastery territory.The third category is the freeholders.They were considered descendants of serving people occupying the 16 th century the southern border of Moscow Russia, which transforms the noble class under Peter are not logged in.In a number of provinces (in Voronezh, Kursk, Orel, Tambov) freeholders were the majority of local people.
state peasants as a class to the beginning of the reign of Nicholas accounted for about seventeen million people.Since the days of the Moscow Russia this class remained not only personal freedom, but also the government.State peasants were not subjected to corporal punishment.
According to some historians, this class is predominantly outside the Great.However, this is not true.Even in the central part of the country to the state peasants belonged more people than in the western regions.At the time of publication of the Laws of the 1830s it was a major, or the entire mass of the population in the thirty-six provinces of the European part of the state and in Siberia.It was the most numerous class of Russian society at the time.
state peasants were entitled to a free transfer from one parish to another, from one province to another, from county to county.This relocation from one territory to another is often encouraged by the government.State peasants had the right (as whole societies, and separately) to enter into contracts and agreements with individuals.Also, they could acquire property (movable or immovable), to give him a pledge.After the publication in 1801 on December 12, a special decree, the state peasants were granted the right (as the petty bourgeoisie and the merchant) acquisition of land as private property.
While the nobles were enslaved military service, and then endowed with excessive liberties, was formed "third estate".It replenished the representatives of the state of the peasantry, along with industrialists and merchants.The most numerous class of the state had the right to join the trade level, guild, open factories, handicraft and industrial establishments, commercial enterprises and support them.
It should be noted that at the time of accession to the throne of Nicholas, the state peasants in crisis.Headed by this class of the population department of the Ministry of Finance.We must assume that the body was trying to "squeeze out" of the state peasants as much as possible, trying to get them to those taxes that could not take away from the landlords.Noble administration field is shifted to the rural population natural duties, and the most difficult.I must say that it is not only benefited the landowners, but also to some extent eased the life of serfdom.At the same time the administration is often hidden aristocratic tyranny of landowners who sought to profit at the expense of communal lands.Constantly deteriorating economic situation of the state of the peasantry.The government allocated a significant amount of its content in the lean years.
Since the beginning of the reign of Nicholas the position of the state of the peasantry began to determine the general civil law and not administrative acts.This was the result of extensive work Speransky to streamline the country's laws.However, many in the public decrees as first appeared.
