history of ecology has its roots in the most ancient times.For primitive primitive society has been characterized by a desire for knowledge of the environment.At this stage of the history of ecology full details of ancient Egyptian, Tibetan, Indian sources.
men of old accumulated factual material and tried to organize.So, the Babylonians manuscripts contain information on tillage, sowing time, animals and birds that are harmful to agriculture.The ancient Chinese chronicles from the 4th to the 2nd century BC.e.It contains descriptions of the growth of cultivated plants of different varieties.The sacred book of the ancient Persians filled with advice on the need to protect the earth and defile her "unclean" substances, protect animals, protect water and fire, carefully cultivate the soil.In the "Lay" a lot of descriptions of animals.
Thus, the history of ecology began with the birth of agriculture, zoology, botany.At the time, there were the first elements of the human relationship to nature.
impetus for the progressive development of the biological sciences were numerous voyages of discovery in the 15th century, and the colonization of new territories.In this period there is an active accumulation and description of the material.Works of many scientists contain evidence of the variety of living organisms, distribution, features of the structure of plants and animals typical of one or another medium.
Quite a lot of the environmental evidence has been collected by scientists (naturalists and geographers) Russia in the 18th century.Among the most prominent figures of the time it should be noted II Lepekhin, SP Krasheninnikov, PS Pallas.
In the mid 19th century a great contribution to the development of science in Russia has brought K. Rul'e (Professor at Moscow University).This principle was formulated by scientists, which was the foundation of all natural sciences - is the principle of unity of the environment and the body.
next stage of development characterized by environmental experts as the separation of science as a new field of knowledge about the natural environment.In this connection, a large number of different studies have been conducted.These key stages in the development of ecology marked by the publication of "The Origin of Species" in 1859, the victory of Darwin's evolutionary theory.Thus, science has become a doctrine of the adaptation of organisms.
Haeckel defined ecology as the sum of knowledge that are relevant to the economy of nature.As part of their ongoing research of the whole complex interaction between animal and its environment, both inorganic and organic.However, mostly, according to Haeckel, the case study of hostile or friendly relations with the plants and animals with which certain animal comes into contact.Thus, the science of ecology is the study of the complex interactions, which, according to Darwin called the struggle for existence provoking conditions.
in 1910 was called the Third World Botanical Congress.It was officially recognized plant ecology.It is the scientists raised the question of the division of science recognized the sphere of plant communities and plant species.
Since the 20th century history of the development of ecology is characterized by the start of numerous different studies, the establishment of fundamental works, which are devoted to both large-scale and narrow issues.
in today has been a steady increase in the volume of information.Various environmental problems, environmental issues are the theoretical case of a number of scientific research institutes.
