Mariana Trench, or as it is called, the Mariana Trench is considered to be the most mysterious and inaccessible point of the planet.This is the deepest known geographers facilities in the Pacific.Its depth is about eleven kilometers, to be precise, it is 10 994 ± 40 m. The Mariana Trench is located to the south-east of the Mariana Islands (11 ° 21'0 "N and 142 ° 12'0" E), the length of the trough - 2926 km, and the bottom width - from 1 to 5 km.In the south of the island of Guam Marianas archipelago, a distance of 320 km, recorded the deepest point of the trough - Abyss Challenger.The depression is located in the dock of the Pacific and Philippine tectonic plates, fault lines in the area.
Dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench
inherent in man to defy nature and Mariana Trench was no exception.January 23, 1960.people first ventured down to the bottom of this gigantic basin.Couple braves became an American Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh and scientist ZhakPikar.With bathyscaphe "Trieste" they managed to descend to a depth of 10,918 meters.As it turned out, even at this depth is life - the researchers found to their surprise flat fish, up to 30 cm, resembles a flounder.
At the end of March 1995, the Mariana Trench was launched probe Kaiko-Japanese production.It reached a new depth of 10911.4 meters and took samples, which scientists have found foraminifera - simple living organisms.
Four years later, at the bottom of the trench to a depth of 10902 meters, sunk underwater vehicle "Nereus» (Nereus).This time, in addition to the collection of sediment samples, managed to shoot video and take some photos.
James Cameron, the same Canadian producer that took such masterpieces as "Titanic," "Avatar," "The Terminator," "Aliens", March 26, 2012 on the bathyscaphe with a proud name Deepsea Challenger, reached the "Abyss Challenger", becoming the third man who dared to descend to such a terrible depth.They spent on filming in 3D, which served as a base for scientific and documentary film shown on the channel «National Geographic».
There, too, there is life
Scientists believe that the Mariana Trench can be the key to unraveling the origin of life on our planet, and perhaps beyond.Thanks to James Cameron's deep-sea mission, became aware of the bizarre new forms of life.
It turned out that in addition to bacteria and micro-organisms at the bottom of the trough are found crabs, rhizopod, gastropods, invertebrates with a shell on the basis of chitin and even fish that can hit the big teeth, eyes that rotate in opposite directions and sharp spikes instead of fins.At the bottom of the teeth also found Megalodon - a giant prehistoric shark.It is believed that the jaws of the monster in the width reaches up to 2 meters, the length was 24 meters, and weight - about one hundred tons of ...
bottom of the trough, where the pressure force of 1100 times the usual atmospheric, infested by various kinds of living organisms.According to researchers, this is where the roots are hidden metabolism - the ones that can run chemical processes that result in the earth there, and quite possibly alien life, and within the boundaries of the solar system.
year ago, oceanographers have created a three-dimensional map of the bottom and now have a better idea of what kind is the Mariana Trench.Photo and video obtained by diving and satellite hopefully finally allow scientists to fill blank spots in the history of the Earth.
