Culture of Ancient Rus, as the culture of any other country - a set of spiritual values and material that mankind has created in the course of social and labor practices.Material culture - the development of technology, machinery, tools, construction, etc.Spiritual culture - literature, science, ideology, art, education.
Culture of Ancient Rus' a high level of development.Unfortunately, many sites do not come down to us, and died in the flames of fires, wars, invasions.Preserved mainly literature, cathedrals, icons, religious items.The basis of culture - the cultural heritage left by the Eastern Slavic tribes.A great influence on her had the Normans, nomadic peoples, the adoption of Christianity as well as the countries of Western Europe and, of course, Byzantium.
Writing in Russia appeared before the adoption of Christianity.At this point, I have already developed the alphabet.And the very adoption of Christianity only contributed to the development of writing, education, literacy.
a very extensive development in ancient Rus written evidence of the inscriptions on the various handicraft products: hoop, earthen vessels, boots.Over time, under Yaroslav the Wise even opened a school in Kiev.
Along with the development of written literature is widely spread folklore, and, above all, the epic, telling about the creative and military labor of our people.
Material Culture of Ancient Rus
high level reached in the development of architecture.About 60 monuments of pre-Mongol period.Until the middle of the X century.buildings were in wood.That tree was the main building material.It was used for the construction of residential buildings, the palace buildings, town fortifications and churches.These wooden buildings of the planning and three-dimensional structure was determined by strong log structure and its natural settings.But even with the "rigidity" of the wooden construction of the master managed to revive her plastic and compositional diversity.
One of the earliest stone buildings were Church of the Tithes.Later stone were built the Golden Gate and Saint Sophia Cathedral and other churches.The walls inside the temple is richly decorated with frescoes, mosaics and icons.In many lands basic materials played a white stone.Characteristic features are its sophistication, rich ornamentation, slender buildings and tall.From it, and built houses.From the 14th century, and began to build a defensive wall in the city.
The iconic stone building ever established type of smooth cubic temple with four parallel aisles in the interior space, Groin six supporting pillars that support the domes and vaults.In the presence of constructive and similar three-dimensional structure, cult Russian facilities are now a variety of three-dimensional forms and sizes, means of processing plants decor.Most of the buildings differed unity of constructive solutions and organically, their internal structure is consistently and clearly expressed in the external form.
Musical Culture of Ancient Rus
musical culture of ancient Russia was developing in two directions: folk art, folklore and church music.
ancient Slavs worshiped idols were pagans.They performed in their honor ceremonies, accompanied by dancing, singing, playing various musical instruments (harp, flute, rattles).
Bright representatives of folk art - clowns.It is a professional itinerant actors who amused the people singing and dancing.His art, they actively contributed to the development of some literary zhanrov- epic, drama, poetry.Skomorokhy possessed impeccable craftsmanship entertainers - the organizers of festivals, folk poteshnikov, served as actors or musicians.Of course, the most important area in music of that time remained a folk song, especially one that is related to the agricultural calendar holidays.The main genre of epic - epic.
With the adoption of Christianity came from Byzantium church singing.Then the Church musical culture of ancient Russia was represented monophonic singing.The melody of the song was recorded on the top line of text with the help of special symbols that indicate only the direction of the melody, but not exactly the height of the sounds.
Christian recoup a big role in the formation of both the music and the whole culture of ancient Russia as a whole.It identified the prospects of its development for many centuries to come.
